{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169636698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","title":"FreePDK v2.0: Transitioning VLSI education towards nanometer variation-aware designs","display_name":"FreePDK v2.0: Transitioning VLSI education towards nanometer variation-aware designs","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169636698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","mag":"2169636698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033770307","display_name":"James E. Stine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-390X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James E. Stine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450141","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-2714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053295239","display_name":"Ivan D. Castellanos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Castellanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084887028","display_name":"Gopalakrishnan Sundararajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal Sundararajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108537205","display_name":"Mohammad Qayam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Qayam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014799551","display_name":"Praveen Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069282602","display_name":"Justin Remington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Remington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078997550","display_name":"Sohum Sohoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohum Sohoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033770307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82192644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.807099461555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7562642097473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.6030586957931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5989059209823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5794645547866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5466549396514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-cell","display_name":"Standard cell","score":0.5232017040252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit-design","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","score":0.4924674928188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4688625931739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.4543352723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-variation","display_name":"Process variation","score":0.43315353989601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.4263969361782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4242200255393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4199276268482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40156495571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.2619425654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14636987447738647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.807099461555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7562642097473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6030586957931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5989059209823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5794645547866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5466549396514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78401558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464496","display_name":"Standard cell","level":3,"score":0.5232017040252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.4924674928188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4688625931739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.4543352723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93389723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247313","display_name":"Process variation","level":3,"score":0.43315353989601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.4263969361782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4242200255393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4199276268482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40156495571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.2619425654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14636987447738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mse.2009.5270820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136905915","https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1567646530","https://openalex.org/W1666015432","https://openalex.org/W1966741973","https://openalex.org/W2120000030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171793444","https://openalex.org/W3211857759","https://openalex.org/W2066616140","https://openalex.org/W2141405780","https://openalex.org/W2135308224","https://openalex.org/W2045408571","https://openalex.org/W2060392256","https://openalex.org/W3205162826","https://openalex.org/W3105668393","https://openalex.org/W1596716095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,21,44],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"an":[3,6],"extension":[4],"to":[5,57,87],"open":[7],"source,":[8],"variation":[9,62],"aware":[10],"process":[11],"design":[12,19,51],"kit":[13,45,69],"(PDK),":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,98],"scalable":[17],"CMOS":[18],"rules.":[20],"PDK":[22],"is":[23,31,108],"designed":[24],"for":[25,33,96],"45":[26],"nm":[27],"feature":[28],"sizes":[29],"and":[30,41,53,63,78,82,92,94,103],"utilized":[32],"use":[34],"in":[35],"VLSI":[36,118],"research,":[37],"computer":[38],"architecture,":[39],"education":[40],"small":[42],"businesses.":[43],"includes":[46,71],"all":[47],"the":[48,83],"necessary":[49,84],"layout":[50,59],"rules":[52],"extraction":[54],"command":[55],"decks":[56],"capture":[58],"dependent":[60],"systematic":[61],"perform":[64],"statistical":[65],"circuit":[66],"analysis.":[67],"The":[68],"also":[70,109],"a":[72],"standard":[73],"cell":[74],"library,":[75],"MIPSreg":[76],"processor":[77],"associated":[79],"GNU-compliant":[80],"compiler":[81],"support":[85],"files":[86],"enable":[88],"full":[89],"chip":[90,99,107],"place":[91],"route":[93],"verification":[95],"system":[97,105],"designs.":[100,119],"An":[101],"analog":[102],"digital":[104],"test":[106],"included":[110],"with":[111],"this":[112],"PDK-extension":[113],"allowing":[114],"exploration":[115],"of":[116],"nanometer-based":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
