{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417438984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3644251","title":"Understanding Prompt Management in GitHub Repositories: A Call for Best Practices","display_name":"Understanding Prompt Management in GitHub Repositories: A Call for Best Practices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417438984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3644251"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2025.3644251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3644251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348486","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4468-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4468-5972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120049539","display_name":"Hicham Masri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137119","display_name":"Arup Group (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxh1n93","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137119","https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156381","display_name":"Kingston Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05bwaty49","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156381"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hicham Masri","raw_affiliation_strings":["DocuPet, Kingston, ON, Canada","DocuPet, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DocuPet, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DocuPet, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032675988","display_name":"Filipe R. Cogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe R. Cogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-685X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063403084","display_name":"Abdul Ali Bangash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-6061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Ali Bangash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-6061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058164381","display_name":"Bram Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7213-4006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7213-4006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586373","display_name":"Ahmed E. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed E. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48789966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"85","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.7422000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.7422000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.03779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.40049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74579156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554342","display_name":"Software peer review","level":5,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28760001063346863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2025.3644251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3644251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041190309","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3049497371","https://openalex.org/W4389675247","https://openalex.org/W4400484650","https://openalex.org/W4411272368","https://openalex.org/W4411272485","https://openalex.org/W7134198833"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,24,44,100],"foundation":[4],"models":[5],"(e.g.,":[6],"large":[7],"language":[8,20],"models)":[9],"has":[10],"given":[11],"rise":[12],"to":[13,52,94],"promptware,":[14],"i.e.,":[15],"software":[16],"built":[17],"using":[18],"natural":[19],"prompts.":[21],"Effective":[22],"management":[23,55],"prompts,":[25],"such":[26,65],"as":[27,66],"organization":[28],"and":[29,57,74,78,81,98],"quality":[30,58],"assurance,":[31],"is":[32],"essential":[33],"yet":[34],"challenging.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"we":[39,88],"perform":[40],"an":[41],"empirical":[42],"analysis":[43],"24,800":[45],"open-source":[46,101],"prompts":[47,102],"from":[48],"92":[49],"GitHub":[50],"repositories":[51],"investigate":[53],"prompt":[54,70,76],"practices":[56],"attributes.":[59],"Our":[60],"findings":[61],"reveal":[62],"critical":[63],"challenges":[64],"considerable":[67],"inconsistencies":[68],"in":[69],"formatting,":[71],"substantial":[72],"internal":[73],"external":[75],"duplication,":[77],"frequent":[79],"readability":[80],"spelling":[82],"issues.":[83],"Based":[84],"on":[85],"these":[86],"findings,":[87],"provide":[89],"actionable":[90],"recommendations":[91],"for":[92],"developers":[93],"enhance":[95],"the":[96,104],"usability":[97],"maintainability":[99],"within":[103],"rapidly":[105],"evolving":[106],"promptware":[107],"ecosystem.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}
