{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415221934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3620578","title":"Identifying Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Robotics With Large Language Models","display_name":"Identifying Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Robotics With Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415221934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3620578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2025.3620578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3620578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/9e5dd0bd-88bb-4c04-b8ca-ccff5a981438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072908431","display_name":"Hassan Sartaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Sartaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063319463","display_name":"Jalil Boudjadar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jalil Boudjadar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056617679","display_name":"Mirgita Frasheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirgita Frasheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076142098","display_name":"Shaukat Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaukat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037561273","display_name":"Peter Gorm Larsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gorm Larsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072908431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15312711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.7105000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modeling-language","display_name":"Modeling language","score":0.28839999437332153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.7105000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984968299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077784","display_name":"Software tool","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2025.3620578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2025.3620578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/9e5dd0bd-88bb-4c04-b8ca-ccff5a981438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/9e5dd0bd-88bb-4c04-b8ca-ccff5a981438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sartaj, H, Boudjadar, J, Frasheri, M, Ali, S & Larsen, P G 2026, 'Identifying Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Robotics With Large Language Models', IEEE Software, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2025.3620578","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.20684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20684","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.20684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/9e5dd0bd-88bb-4c04-b8ca-ccff5a981438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/9e5dd0bd-88bb-4c04-b8ca-ccff5a981438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sartaj, H, Boudjadar, J, Frasheri, M, Ali, S & Larsen, P G 2026, 'Identifying Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Robotics With Large Language Models', IEEE Software, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2025.3620578","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4303276953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101133807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"self-adaptive":[1,40,92],"robots":[2,41],"are":[3],"expected":[4],"to":[5,35,66,88,125],"operate":[6],"in":[7,23,81,91,142],"highly":[8],"dynamic":[9],"environments":[10],"while":[11],"effectively":[12],"managing":[13],"uncertainties.":[14,68,126],"However,":[15],"identifying":[16],"the":[17,36,43,49,74,95,117,121,135,143],"sources":[18],"and":[19,27,42,60,85,138],"impacts":[20],"of":[21,39,45,76,134,145],"uncertainties":[22,90],"such":[24],"robotic":[25,113],"systems":[26,65],"defining":[28],"appropriate":[29],"mitigation":[30],"strategies":[31],"is":[32],"challenging":[33],"due":[34],"inherent":[37],"complexity":[38],"lack":[44],"comprehensive":[46],"knowledge":[47],"about":[48],"various":[50],"factors":[51],"influencing":[52],"uncertainty.":[53],"Hence,":[54],"practitioners":[55,130],"often":[56],"rely":[57],"on":[58,120],"intuition":[59],"past":[61],"experiences":[62],"from":[63],"similar":[64],"address":[67],"In":[69],"this":[70,100,148],"article,":[71],"we":[72,102],"evaluate":[73],"potential":[75],"large":[77],"language":[78],"models":[79],"(LLMs)":[80],"enabling":[82],"a":[83],"systematic":[84],"automated":[86],"approach":[87],"identify":[89],"robotics":[93],"throughout":[94],"software":[96],"engineering":[97],"lifecycle.":[98],"For":[99],"evaluation,":[101],"analyzed":[103],"10":[104],"advanced":[105],"LLMs":[106,146],"with":[107,132],"varying":[108],"capabilities":[109],"across":[110],"four":[111],"industrial-sized":[112],"case":[114],"studies,":[115],"gathering":[116],"practitioners\u2019":[118],"perspectives":[119],"LLM-generated":[122],"responses":[123,137],"related":[124],"Results":[127],"showed":[128],"that":[129],"agreed":[131],"63\u201388%":[133],"LLM":[136],"expressed":[139],"strong":[140],"interest":[141],"practicality":[144],"for":[147],"purpose.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-30T08:08:38.191290","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}