{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108826526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","title":"Analyzing First Contributions on GitHub: What Do Newcomers Do?","display_name":"Analyzing First Contributions on GitHub: What Do Newcomers Do?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108826526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","mag":"3108826526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083495948","display_name":"Vikram N. Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikram N. Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051883002","display_name":"Ifraz Rehman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ifraz Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029916309","display_name":"Meiyappan Nagappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiyappan Nagappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091820517","display_name":"Raula Gaikovina Kula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raula Gaikovina Kula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.22,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89994744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"93","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7632401585578918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6687837243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.6064918637275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/join","display_name":"Join (topology)","score":0.604050874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5386699438095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.537227988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.528663158416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.39460277557373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35535120964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3207246959209442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17566674947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11662009358406067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7632401585578918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6687837243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.6064918637275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776124973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3183033","display_name":"Join (topology)","level":2,"score":0.604050874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5386699438095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.537227988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.528663158416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39460277557373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35535120964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3207246959209442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17566674947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11662009358406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2020.3041241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2546528781","display_name":"A Social Developer Digital Footprint for Skills Proficiency","funder_award_id":"20K19774","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896636242","display_name":"Fundamental and Innovative Technologies for Next-Generation Software Ecosystems","funder_award_id":"20H05706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6062595790","display_name":"Evaluation of  Risk and Soundness of Open Source Software","funder_award_id":"18H04094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W771557012","https://openalex.org/W1487379053","https://openalex.org/W2017003061","https://openalex.org/W2018638699","https://openalex.org/W2150198410","https://openalex.org/W2559885217","https://openalex.org/W2587579378","https://openalex.org/W2783990487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W4232280318","https://openalex.org/W166480398","https://openalex.org/W167327709","https://openalex.org/W4387839566","https://openalex.org/W4210922265","https://openalex.org/W4319870556","https://openalex.org/W2084742289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"first-time":[1],"contributions":[2],"to":[3],"open":[4],"source":[5],"software":[6],"(OSS)":[7],"is":[8,21],"a":[9],"vital":[10,22],"step":[11],"in":[12,19],"ensuring":[13],"more":[14],"first-timers":[15],"join":[16],"OSS":[17],"which,":[18],"turn,":[20],"for":[23],"the":[24],"health":[25],"and":[26],"popularity":[27],"of":[28],"that":[29],"project.":[30]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}