{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910475217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","title":"Intellectual Control [Pragmatic Designer]","display_name":"Intellectual Control [Pragmatic Designer]","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910475217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","mag":"2910475217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/52/8611443/08611447.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/52/8611443/08611447.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010128377","display_name":"George Fairbanks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-2801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Fairbanks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering, Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering, Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010128377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8107,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85624982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.3840000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.3840000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.3312999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5480270385742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5275698900222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48870018124580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.4006311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.37580960988998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36561349034309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3575747609138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.35160017013549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17180120944976807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5480270385742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5275698900222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48870018124580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.4006311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.37580960988998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36561349034309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3575747609138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.35160017013549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17180120944976807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/52/8611443/08611447.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2874294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/52/8611443/08611447.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910475217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910475217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164439053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1967782764","https://openalex.org/W3187910787","https://openalex.org/W2373232777","https://openalex.org/W4205577494","https://openalex.org/W2389266787","https://openalex.org/W2915258068","https://openalex.org/W2358374921","https://openalex.org/W2126468365","https://openalex.org/W2236701815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"the":[1,14,29,53,56],"early":[2],"days":[3],"of":[4,18,32,55],"software":[5,47,88,96],"engineering,":[6],"Edsger":[7],"Dijkstra":[8],"warned":[9],"us":[10,22],"not":[11],"to":[12,23,28,74,105],"let":[13],"size":[15],"and":[16,94,137],"complexity":[17],"our":[19,33,66],"programs":[20,54],"cause":[21],"lose":[24],"\u201cintellectual":[25],"control\u201d":[26],"due":[27],"limited":[30],"nature":[31],"minds.":[34],"To":[35],"my":[36],"knowledge,":[37],"he":[38],"never":[39],"defined":[40],"precisely":[41],"what":[42,114],"intellectual":[43,67,92,125],"control":[44,93],"was.":[45],"Our":[46],"today":[48],"is":[49,90,98],"staggeringly":[50],"larger":[51],"than":[52],"1960s,":[57],"so":[58],"does":[59],"that":[60,84,89,97],"mean":[61],"we":[62,71,85,108,131,142],"have":[63,86,121],"it":[64],"under":[65,91],"control,":[68,126],"or":[69],"did":[70],"find":[72],"ways":[73],"make":[75],"progress":[76],"without":[77],"Dijkstra\u2019s":[78],"high":[79],"standards?":[80],"I":[81],"see":[82],"signs":[83],"some":[87,127,138],"other":[95],"not.":[99],"this":[101],"column,":[102],"I\u2019m":[103],"going":[104],"discuss":[106],"how":[107,141],"can":[109],"recognize":[110],"these":[111],"two":[112],"categories,":[113],"happens":[115],"when":[116,130],"engineers":[117],"on":[118,129,135],"a":[119],"project":[120],"different":[122],"attitudes":[123],"about":[124,140],"advice":[128],"probably":[132],"should":[133],"insist":[134],"it,":[136],"ideas":[139],"achieve":[143],"it.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}