{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166195201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","title":"Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice","display_name":"Embedded software engineering: The state of the practice","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166195201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","mag":"2166195201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025019143","display_name":"B. Graaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Graaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044331389","display_name":"M. Lormans","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lormans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446193","display_name":"Hans Toetenel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Toetenel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technnology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":199,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98955614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"61","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6025590896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.5840420722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5556132197380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-engineering","display_name":"Domain engineering","score":0.5028166174888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4819231331348419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4732951521873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4695131480693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.4540000259876251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.44611576199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.43426191806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4297623932361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-market","display_name":"Time to market","score":0.4138178825378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.40552669763565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","score":0.3086389899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2773611545562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18965575098991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.15439391136169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09736815094947815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6025590896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.5840420722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5556132197380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5977032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5289815","display_name":"Domain engineering","level":5,"score":0.5028166174888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4819231331348419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4732951521873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4695131480693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.4540000259876251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44611576199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.43426191806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4297623932361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445235","display_name":"Time to market","level":2,"score":0.4138178825378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.40552669763565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.3086389899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2773611545562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18965575098991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15439391136169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09736815094947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1241368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6725529","display_name":"IEEE Software","issn_l":"0740-7459","issn":["0740-7459","1937-4194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8d440b03-b2ba-4fc1-bdbd-5c47830cce39","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d440b03-b2ba-4fc1-bdbd-5c47830cce39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313144","display_name":"ITEA","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870523718","https://openalex.org/W1948802341","https://openalex.org/W1967302312","https://openalex.org/W2066998899","https://openalex.org/W2109488193","https://openalex.org/W2125579889","https://openalex.org/W2262960161","https://openalex.org/W4230445057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170664339","https://openalex.org/W2373867221","https://openalex.org/W2351557289","https://openalex.org/W2026901334","https://openalex.org/W2002044810","https://openalex.org/W2387884720","https://openalex.org/W597281556","https://openalex.org/W2155435183","https://openalex.org/W1906777510","https://openalex.org/W2041128115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technologies":[0],"for":[1,63,75,127],"the":[2,41,82],"development":[3,29,103],"of":[4,52,107,115],"embedded":[5,42,83,98],"systems":[6],"should":[7],"address":[8,32],"specific":[9,34,58,77],"constraints":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"hard":[13],"timing":[14],"constraints,":[15],"limited":[16],"memory":[17],"and":[18,25,92,119,122],"power":[19],"use,":[20],"predefined":[21],"hardware":[22,26],"platform":[23],"technology,":[24],"costs.":[27],"Existing":[28],"technologies":[30,47],"don't":[31],"their":[33],"impact":[35],"on,":[36],"or":[37,68],"necessary":[38],"customization":[39],"for,":[40],"domain.":[43],"Nor":[44],"do":[45],"these":[46],"give":[48],"developers":[49,114],"any":[50],"indication":[51],"how":[53],"to":[54,57,94],"apply":[55],"them":[56],"areas":[59],"in":[60],"this":[61,97],"domain,":[62],"example,":[64],"automotive":[65],"systems,":[66],"telecommunications,":[67],"consumer":[69],"electronics.":[70],"Consequently,":[71],"tailoring":[72],"a":[73,76],"technology":[74],"use":[78],"is":[79,85],"difficult.":[80],"Furthermore,":[81],"domain":[84,99],"driven":[86],"by":[87],"reliability":[88],"factors,":[89,91],"cost":[90],"time":[93],"market.":[95],"So,":[96],"needs":[100],"specifically":[101],"targeted":[102],"technologies.":[104],"An":[105],"inventory":[106],"eight":[108],"European":[109],"companies":[110],"reveals":[111],"what":[112],"tools":[113],"embedded-systems":[116],"software":[117],"are":[118],"aren't":[120],"using,":[121],"why.":[123],"The":[124],"need":[125],"exists":[126],"more":[128],"specific,":[129],"yet":[130],"flexible,":[131],"tools.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-08-22T07:34:49.880490","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}