{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199107018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","title":"Digital Technologies and Automation: The Human and Eco-Centered Foundations for the Factory of the Future [TC Spotlight]","display_name":"Digital Technologies and Automation: The Human and Eco-Centered Foundations for the Factory of the Future [TC Spotlight]","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199107018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","mag":"3199107018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/100/9535319/09535352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/100/9535319/09535352.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101758679","display_name":"George Q. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Q. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-7917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071323487","display_name":"Birgit Vogel\u2010Heuser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-8819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birgit Vogel-Heuser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-8819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081318069","display_name":"MengChu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengchu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-8752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076392384","display_name":"Paolo Dario","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-0056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Dario","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101758679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86384915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"174","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.8167339563369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","score":0.7013736367225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.667241096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.6221215128898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.5452384352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5402296781539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.48392850160598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.483391672372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.47319266200065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.44808048009872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4066656827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.332746684551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2814468741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16814234852790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12712344527244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.10457658767700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09097298979759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07909798622131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.8167339563369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7013736367225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.667241096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6221215128898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.5452384352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5402296781539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.48392850160598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.483391672372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.47319266200065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.44808048009872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4066656827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.332746684551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2814468741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16814234852790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12712344527244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.10457658767700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09097298979759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07909798622131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/100/9535319/09535352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:172150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/172150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.172150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.172150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"graphic"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2021.3095732","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/100/9535319/09535352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199107018.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199107018.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109940557","https://openalex.org/W2466832359","https://openalex.org/W3172493050","https://openalex.org/W1582019636","https://openalex.org/W1499005795","https://openalex.org/W2593798266","https://openalex.org/W2070126461","https://openalex.org/W2992967685","https://openalex.org/W4384917363","https://openalex.org/W2801175696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reports":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,5,27,30],"factory":[3],"of":[4,29],"future":[6,31],"where":[7],"automation":[8],"dominates":[9],"operations.":[10],"Digital":[11],"manufacturing":[12],"processes":[13],"have":[14,52],"been":[15],"extensively":[16],"transformed":[17],"by":[18,39],"ubiquitous":[19],"connectivity":[20],"and":[21,37,44,60],"collaborative":[22],"robots":[23],"so":[24],"much":[25],"that":[26],"industry":[28],"is":[32],"pursuing":[33],"high":[34],"productivity,":[35],"efficiency,":[36],"customization":[38],"becoming":[40],"increasingly":[41],"collaborative,":[42],"connected,":[43],"cognitive":[45],"(IC3).":[46],"In":[47],"fact,":[48],"these":[49],"new":[50],"technologies":[51],"fostered":[53],"a":[54],"remarkable":[55],"increase":[56],"in":[57],"production":[58],"efficiency":[59],"an":[61],"exceptional":[62],"economic":[63],"growth":[64],"worldwide.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}