{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994642303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","title":"Accelerating the Estimation of Metabolic Cost Using Signal Derivatives: Implications for Optimization and Evaluation of Wearable Robots","display_name":"Accelerating the Estimation of Metabolic Cost Using Signal Derivatives: Implications for Optimization and Evaluation of Wearable Robots","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994642303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","mag":"2994642303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034165167","display_name":"Kimberly A. Ingraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-0633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly A. Ingraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-0633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075910975","display_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004156203","display_name":"C. David Remy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-8034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. David Remy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66506622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"32","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8790609240531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.731160581111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6036140322685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.602288007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5956071615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5782658457756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.5133177638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-cost","display_name":"Metabolic cost","score":0.4931589961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4436291456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43329566717147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36288875341415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30508312582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2618478238582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24024799466133118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8790609240531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.731160581111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6036140322685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.602288007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5956071615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5782658457756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5133177638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991809073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240673","display_name":"Metabolic cost","level":2,"score":0.4931589961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4436291456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43329566717147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36288875341415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30508312582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2618478238582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24024799466133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2019.2954108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864504421","https://openalex.org/W1968668112","https://openalex.org/W1974860030","https://openalex.org/W1991235214","https://openalex.org/W2020999826","https://openalex.org/W2058074226","https://openalex.org/W2085642767","https://openalex.org/W2100792856","https://openalex.org/W2120000215","https://openalex.org/W2138934389","https://openalex.org/W2178177034","https://openalex.org/W2181084192","https://openalex.org/W2217146075","https://openalex.org/W2236853351","https://openalex.org/W2287555228","https://openalex.org/W2471234362","https://openalex.org/W2553366999","https://openalex.org/W2604730573","https://openalex.org/W2700163520","https://openalex.org/W2755367247","https://openalex.org/W2788331089","https://openalex.org/W2910481531","https://openalex.org/W4394285219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507606587","https://openalex.org/W2986697609","https://openalex.org/W2040394039","https://openalex.org/W2189721260","https://openalex.org/W2046439798","https://openalex.org/W3012186505","https://openalex.org/W3180201773","https://openalex.org/W2580956478","https://openalex.org/W4224929295","https://openalex.org/W2610137546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"chief":[1],"goal":[2],"for":[3,26,92,117],"lower-limb":[4],"wearable":[5,122],"robots":[6],"(e.g.,":[7],"exoskeletons)":[8],"is":[9,29],"to":[10,51,140,150],"augment":[11],"the":[12,30,33,37,41,53,58,105,118,143,152],"user's":[13],"natural":[14],"motion":[15],"in":[16],"a":[17,22,101,113],"helpful,":[18],"intuitive":[19],"way.":[20],"Accordingly,":[21],"common":[23],"evaluation":[24,90],"metric":[25,91],"such":[27],"systems":[28],"effect":[31],"of":[32,40,56,61,65,121,137,146],"robotic":[34,123],"assistance":[35],"on":[36],"metabolic":[38,59,138],"cost":[39,60,115,139,155],"wearer.":[42],"Recent":[43],"hardware":[44],"and":[45,76],"control":[46,120],"advancements":[47],"have":[48],"enabled":[49],"researchers":[50],"achieve":[52],"challenging":[54],"task":[55],"reducing":[57],"walking":[62,66],"below":[63],"that":[64],"without":[67],"an":[68,89,147],"exoskeleton,":[69],"using":[70],"autonomous":[71],"[1],":[72],"[2],":[73],"tethered":[74],"[3],":[75],"even":[77],"passive":[78],"[4]":[79],"devices.":[80],"Although":[81],"energy":[82],"expenditure":[83],"has":[84,96],"long":[85],"been":[86,98],"used":[87,111],"as":[88,100,112,127],"device":[93,149],"efficacy,":[94],"it":[95],"also":[97],"proposed":[99],"design":[102],"specification":[103],"(i.e.,":[104],"Augmentation":[106],"Factor":[107],"[5])":[108],"and,":[109],"recently,":[110],"physiological":[114],"function":[116],"realtime":[119],"devices-a":[124],"strategy":[125],"known":[126],"<;i>body-in-the-loop<;/i>":[128],"or":[129],"<;i>human-in-the-loop":[130],"optimization<;/i>.":[131],"These":[132],"algorithms":[133],"use":[134],"real-time":[135],"estimates":[136],"iteratively":[141],"tune":[142],"actuation":[144],"profile":[145],"assistive":[148],"minimize":[151],"wearer's":[153],"energetic":[154],"[6]-[10].":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}