{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031769654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","title":"Vehicle detection with a mobile camera - Spotting midrange, distant, and passing cars","display_name":"Vehicle detection with a mobile camera - Spotting midrange, distant, and passing cars","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031769654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","mag":"2031769654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019245101","display_name":"M.B. van Leeuwen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127482","display_name":"Applied Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fwraz06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}],"countries":["FI","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.B. van Leeuwen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Vision Products Department, Philips Applied Technologies, Eindhoven, MD, Netherlands","Dept. of Ind. Vision Products, Philips Appl. Technol., Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Vision Products Department, Philips Applied Technologies, Eindhoven, MD, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Ind. Vision Products, Philips Appl. Technol., Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111748591","display_name":"F.C.A. Groen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13089092","display_name":"Amsterdam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpjfc73","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13089092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156583","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1zjw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210091279","https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["FR","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.C.A. Groen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Amsterdam","Computer Science Department University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13089092","https://openalex.org/I55106644","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97648425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7679303884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7288410067558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6606059074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.6307686567306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5171656012535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5156813859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4870184063911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-camera","display_name":"Single camera","score":0.45851871371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4418129324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.1586483120918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.1400531828403473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7679303884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7288410067558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6606059074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.6307686567306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5171656012535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5156813859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4870184063911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2918907","display_name":"Single camera","level":2,"score":0.45851871371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4418129324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.1586483120918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.1400531828403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828553022","https://openalex.org/W2040720916","https://openalex.org/W4247751037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034439647","https://openalex.org/W4249589822","https://openalex.org/W2103063669","https://openalex.org/W3184921334","https://openalex.org/W4255446307","https://openalex.org/W2033009170","https://openalex.org/W2988098900","https://openalex.org/W4386895402","https://openalex.org/W3202382261","https://openalex.org/W4362466842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"a":[3,27,41,57],"method":[4],"is":[5,46,63],"presented":[6],"for":[7],"detecting":[8],"vehicles":[9],"in":[10,26],"image":[11,31],"sequences":[12],"without":[13],"prior":[14],"knowledge":[15],"about":[16],"the":[17,20,34,78],"position":[18],"of":[19,36,43,71,83],"road.":[21],"A":[22],"single":[23],"camera":[24],"placed":[25],"moving":[28],"vehicle":[29],"provides":[30],"data.":[32],"For":[33],"detection":[35],"midrange":[37],"and":[38,50,60,80],"distant":[39],"vehicles,":[40,56],"combination":[42],"three":[44],"clues":[45],"used:":[47],"shadow,":[48],"entropy,":[49],"horizontal":[51],"symmetry.":[52],"To":[53],"detect":[54],"passing":[55],"temporal":[58],"differencing":[59],"projected":[61],"motion":[62],"used.":[64],"The":[65],"algorithms":[66],"are":[67],"tested":[68],"by":[69],"means":[70],"many":[72],"different":[73],"experiments.":[74],"These":[75],"experiments":[76],"illustrate":[77],"robust":[79],"accurate":[81],"performance":[82],"both":[84],"approaches.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}