{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588542542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","title":"Shadow Bowl 2003","display_name":"Shadow Bowl 2003","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588542542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","mag":"1588542542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019495538","display_name":"A. Gage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Gage","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048150326","display_name":"Robin R. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-4312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.R. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048447483","display_name":"Eric J. Rasmussen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016399633","display_name":"Brian W. Minten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Minten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85523186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"62","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.781499981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.7752000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6688073873519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5696735382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.5241661071777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4978911876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.4742138385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.44947829842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43626996874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.4289079010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2756214737892151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6688073873519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5696735382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5241661071777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4978911876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4742138385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.44947829842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43626996874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.4289079010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2756214737892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2004.1337827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132261465","display_name":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine","issn_l":"1070-9932","issn":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310862","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072775968","https://openalex.org/W2112845117","https://openalex.org/W2142275984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024912289","https://openalex.org/W2415747217","https://openalex.org/W2143767096","https://openalex.org/W2561023719","https://openalex.org/W2094708502","https://openalex.org/W1542973883","https://openalex.org/W2085357910","https://openalex.org/W2941576756","https://openalex.org/W3128103380","https://openalex.org/W2078176019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"25-26":[1],"January":[2,72],"2003,":[3],"a":[4,66,108,141,146,192],"simulated":[5,67],"mass-casualty":[6,13],"exercise":[7,81,135,155],"called":[8],"ShadowBowl":[9,56,170],"was":[10,65,79,136],"conducted.":[11],"A":[12],"incident":[14],"is":[15],"an":[16,42,80],"event":[17],"in":[18,83,98,106,145,178,205],"which":[19,64,78],"local":[20,193],"response":[21,69],"capabilities":[22],"are":[23],"overwhelmed,":[24],"and":[25,48,74,91,102,116,128,130,150,187,218,232,237,241],"outside":[26],"resources":[27],"must":[28],"be":[29,183],"integrated":[30],"as":[31,33],"rapidly":[32],"possible":[34],"to":[35,123,158,199,220],"mitigate":[36],"the":[37,45,53,61,75,104,151,154,162,175,188,206,225],"situation.":[38],"This":[39,134,222],"article":[40,223],"provides":[41],"account":[43],"of":[44,58,63,77,143,191,213,227],"event,":[46],"observations,":[47],"suggestions":[49],"for":[50,161,196],"improvements":[51],"from":[52,153,169,203],"CRASAR":[54],"perspective.":[55],"consisted":[57],"two":[59],"tests,":[60],"first":[62],"earthquake":[68],"on":[70,93,230],"25":[71],"2003":[73],"remainder":[76],"conducted":[82],"parallel":[84],"with":[85,89],"Super":[86],"Bowl":[87],"XXXVII,":[88],"personnel":[90],"equipment":[92],"site":[94],"at":[95],"Qualcomm":[96],"Stadium":[97],"San":[99],"Diego,":[100],"California,":[101],"across":[103],"country,":[105],"case":[107],"terrorist":[109],"attack":[110],"occurred.":[111],"Capabilities":[112],"that":[113],"were":[114],"demonstrated":[115],"tested":[117],"include":[118,171],"environmental":[119],"monitoring":[120],"(using":[121],"sensors":[122],"detect":[124],"radiation,":[125],"water":[126],"quality,":[127],"fire)":[129],"chemical":[131],"hazard":[132],"mitigation.":[133],"significant":[137],"because":[138],"it":[139],"exposed":[140],"number":[142],"issues":[144],"realistic":[147],"emergency":[148],"scenario,":[149],"findings":[152],"can":[156],"help":[157],"improve":[159],"readiness":[160],"next":[163],"real":[164],"disaster.":[165],"Important":[166],"lessons":[167,209],"learned":[168],"what":[172,180],"failed":[173],"unexpectedly,":[174],"difficulty":[176],"involved":[177],"performing":[179],"would":[181],"otherwise":[182],"considered":[184],"mundane":[185],"tasks,":[186],"ideal":[189],"configuration":[190],"command":[194],"center":[195],"specialists":[197],"trying":[198],"use":[200],"data":[201,242],"coming":[202],"robots":[204],"field.":[207],"These":[208],"encompass":[210],"critical":[211],"components":[212],"reachback:":[214],"communications,":[215],"human":[216],"factors,":[217],"adherence":[219],"standards.":[221],"discusses":[224],"impact":[226],"unexpected":[228],"failures":[229],"communications":[231],"other":[233],"equipment,":[234],"errant":[235],"expectations,":[236],"information":[238],"standards":[239],"(synchronization":[240],"formats).":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
