{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199252474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","title":"Lessons From One Future of Work: Opportunities to Flip the Gig Economy","display_name":"Lessons From One Future of Work: Opportunities to Flip the Gig Economy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199252474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","mag":"3199252474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7756/5210084/09576675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24191132","display_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","issn_l":"1536-1268","issn":["1536-1268","1558-2590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7756/5210084/09576675.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072864710","display_name":"Oliver Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-8700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-8700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040040157","display_name":"Carolynne Lord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-8420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolynne Lord","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046129434","display_name":"Hayley Alter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayley Alter","raw_affiliation_strings":["ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031519539","display_name":"Adrian Friday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-7365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Friday","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-7365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014034719","display_name":"Ben Kirman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Kirman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, Heslington, York, U.K","Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, Heslington, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7606,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95938331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"26","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gig-economy","display_name":"Gig economy","score":0.8105098009109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.7270632982254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6330862045288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.5696160793304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4983861446380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-economy","display_name":"Digital economy","score":0.4498143792152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-voice","display_name":"Employee voice","score":0.4466014802455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4420187473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4064183533191681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3380146026611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2136697769165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12592127919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11632966995239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.09949415922164917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986445992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96619693","display_name":"Gig economy","level":3,"score":0.8105098009109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7270632982254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6330862045288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5696160793304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4983861446380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.4498143792152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779949435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374304","display_name":"Employee voice","level":2,"score":0.4466014802455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4420187473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4064183533191681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3380146026611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2136697769165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12592127919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11632966995239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.09949415922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7756/5210084/09576675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24191132","display_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","issn_l":"1536-1268","issn":["1536-1268","1558-2590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:159645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/159645/2/2021_fow_flipgig_preprint.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2021.3113825","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7756/5210084/09576675.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24191132","display_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","issn_l":"1536-1268","issn":["1536-1268","1558-2590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Pervasive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2534942346","display_name":"Digitally transforming deliveries and collections in the gig-economy: fairer and more sustainable last mile parcel logistics","funder_award_id":"EP/S027726/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5209614513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R044929/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6446127123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S027726/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8069076109","display_name":"EPSRC NetworkPlus on Social Justice through the Digital Economy","funder_award_id":"EP/R044929/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199252474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199252474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147603330","https://openalex.org/W2775663979","https://openalex.org/W2794564667","https://openalex.org/W2807885002","https://openalex.org/W2906606677","https://openalex.org/W2936967110","https://openalex.org/W2953476188","https://openalex.org/W2957654274","https://openalex.org/W2972413052","https://openalex.org/W2990520658","https://openalex.org/W3027290658","https://openalex.org/W3033123871","https://openalex.org/W3092207326","https://openalex.org/W3111296810","https://openalex.org/W6750185354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285070551","https://openalex.org/W3034418172","https://openalex.org/W2937399225","https://openalex.org/W4375952622","https://openalex.org/W4375952722","https://openalex.org/W2783444484","https://openalex.org/W2581157052","https://openalex.org/W4309037511","https://openalex.org/W3167089240","https://openalex.org/W4247426082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pervasive":[0],"technologies":[1,47,118,130],"are":[2,21],"already":[3],"transforming":[4],"\u201cThe":[5],"Future":[6],"of":[7,73,83,92,117],"Work.\u201d":[8],"Mobile":[9],"technologies,":[10],"IoT,":[11],"and":[12,16,29,52,60,109,128,155],"data":[13],"promise":[14],"efficient":[15,30],"convenient":[17,22],"work":[18,51,59,78,103],"\u201con-demand.\u201d":[19],"They":[20],"too":[23],"for":[24,32],"platform":[25],"providers":[26],"whose":[27],"clean":[28],"interfaces":[31],"consumers":[33],"disrupt":[34],"marketplaces,":[35],"offering":[36],"digitally":[37],"mediated":[38],"access":[39,49,61],"to":[40,50,62,112],"services":[41],"at":[42],"a":[43],"click.":[44],"These":[45],"same":[46],"provide":[48],"labor":[53],"markets":[54],"whilst":[55],"undermining":[56],"promising":[57],"flexible":[58],"sufficient":[63],"work.":[64],"The":[65],"global":[66],"gig":[67,76,105,120],"economy":[68,77],"is":[69],"expanding.":[70],"Increasing":[71],"numbers":[72],"workers":[74,127],"see":[75],"as":[79],"their":[80],"main":[81],"form":[82],"employment,":[84],"yet":[85],"have":[86],"little":[87],"voice":[88],"in":[89,149],"the":[90,114,129],"construction":[91],"systems":[93],"on":[94,119,146],"which":[95],"they":[96,131],"depend.":[97],"We":[98,144],"argue":[99],"that":[100],"technologists":[101],"must":[102],"with":[104,140],"workers,":[106],"policy":[107],"makers,":[108],"other":[110],"stakeholders":[111],"address":[113],"adverse":[115],"effects":[116],"workers.":[121],"To":[122],"better":[123],"understand":[124],"relationships":[125],"between":[126],"use,":[132],"we":[133],"describe":[134],"insights":[135],"from":[136],"research":[137],"carried":[138],"out":[139],"U.K.":[141],"cycle":[142],"couriers.":[143],"reflect":[145],"technology\u2019s":[147],"role":[148],"giving":[150],"these":[151],"workers\u2019":[152],"agency,":[153],"rights,":[154],"equity":[156],"by":[157],"design.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
