{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412560792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934","title":"Multiplier-Free Neural Networks: An Exploration of SORN-Based Neural Networks on Hardware","display_name":"Multiplier-Free Neural Networks: An Exploration of SORN-Based Neural Networks on Hardware","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412560792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005761151","display_name":"Nils H\u00fclsmeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9590-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils H\u00fclsmeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119047428","display_name":"Jannik Steenken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannik Steenken","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034940499","display_name":"Moritz B\u00e4rthel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-7636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz B\u00e4rthel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036550765","display_name":"Jochen Rust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Rust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Applied Sciences,Hamburg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Applied Sciences,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959993","display_name":"Steffen Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099603","display_name":"Institute of Electrodynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/010c2f249","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM.me)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099603"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7414245009422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6548117399215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5859005451202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-neural-network","display_name":"Cellular neural network","score":0.41471344232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3632667660713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3119864761829376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.06043308973312378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7414245009422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6548117399215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5859005451202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.41471344232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3632667660713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3119864761829376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06043308973312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mocast65744.2025.11083934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2553043960","https://openalex.org/W2769693685","https://openalex.org/W3013459325","https://openalex.org/W3089562906","https://openalex.org/W3176030007","https://openalex.org/W4285136464","https://openalex.org/W4292070415","https://openalex.org/W4386322998","https://openalex.org/W4404482042","https://openalex.org/W4404483574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117878353","https://openalex.org/W2119109137","https://openalex.org/W2787670184","https://openalex.org/W2129672218","https://openalex.org/W2143119217","https://openalex.org/W2141356016","https://openalex.org/W4240849134","https://openalex.org/W100353272","https://openalex.org/W2016020597","https://openalex.org/W1488881018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"architectures":[1,86],"of":[2,6,16,54,95,124,138,147],"neural":[3,40,84],"networks":[4],"are":[5],"interest":[7],"for":[8,38,87],"many":[9],"fields":[10],"and":[11,18,60,69,98,117,141,144,159],"applications.":[12],"However,":[13,121],"the":[14,31,122,150],"use":[15],"fixed":[17,99],"floating":[19,106],"point":[20,100,107],"multipliers":[21],"results":[22],"in":[23,134,152],"highly":[24],"complex":[25,62],"hardware":[26,125],"architectures.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,109],"paper,":[30],"Sets-Of-Real-Numbers":[32],"(SORN)":[33],"number":[34,48],"format":[35],"is":[36,44,127,131,154],"used":[37],"feedforward":[39],"network":[41,85],"implementations.":[42],"It":[43],"an":[45,112,135],"alternative":[46],"binary":[47],"representation,":[49],"using":[50,75,92],"a":[51,93],"coarse":[52],"resolution":[53],"intervals,":[55],"which":[56],"allows":[57],"ultra":[58],"fast":[59],"low":[61],"computing.":[63],"Therefore,":[64],"SORN":[65,96],"arithmetic,":[66],"including":[67],"multiplications":[68],"activation":[70],"functions,":[71],"can":[72],"be":[73],"implemented":[74],"simple":[76],"Boolean":[77],"logic.":[78],"This":[79,130],"paper":[80],"presents":[81],"two":[82],"multiplierfree":[83],"MNIST":[88],"classification":[89],"on":[90],"FPGA,":[91],"combination":[94],"arithmetic":[97],"adders.":[101],"Compared":[102],"to":[103],"half":[104],"precision":[105],"implementations,":[108],"approach":[110],"shows":[111],"accuracy":[113],"reduction":[114,137],"0.66":[115],"%":[116,140,143],"0.39":[118],"%,":[119],"respectively.":[120,161],"utilization":[123],"resources":[126],"significantly":[128],"reduced.":[129],"particularly":[132],"evident":[133],"LUT":[136],"87.8":[139],"91.4":[142],"no":[145],"usage":[146],"DSPs.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"throughput":[151],"fps":[153],"increased":[155],"by":[156],"factor":[157],"20.4":[158],"15.98,":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}