{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408791095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393","title":"Integrating Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks for Sustainable 6G Operations: A Latency-Aware Multitier Cell-Switching Approach","display_name":"Integrating Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks for Sustainable 6G Operations: A Latency-Aware Multitier Cell-Switching Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408791095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.10849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014207102","display_name":"Metin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-5291"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Metin Ozturk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara Y&#x0131;ld&#x0131;r&#x0131;m Beyaz&#x0131;t University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara Y&#x0131;ld&#x0131;r&#x0131;m Beyaz&#x0131;t University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara Y&#x0131;ld&#x0131;r&#x0131;m Beyaz&#x0131;t University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara Y&#x0131;ld&#x0131;r&#x0131;m Beyaz&#x0131;t University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093527760","display_name":"Maryam Salamatmoghadasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6142-3813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Salamatmoghadasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Lab, Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Lab, Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035446029","display_name":"Halim Yan\u0131k\u00f6mero\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halim Yanikomeroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Lab, Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Lab, Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014207102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95907293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"156","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7133409380912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6212499141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41675424575805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34740695357322693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7133409380912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6212499141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41675424575805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34740695357322693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3554393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.10849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10849","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.10849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:3fdd3a07-a9a9-42bb-8318-beba5d1cffb2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/3fdd3a07-a9a9-42bb-8318-beba5d1cffb2/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.10849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10849","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.10849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustainability":[0],"is":[1],"paramount":[2],"in":[3,19,24,129,162],"modern":[4],"cellular":[5],"networks,":[6],"which":[7],"face":[8],"significant":[9],"energy":[10,77,103,151],"consumption":[11,165],"challenges":[12],"from":[13],"rising":[14],"mobile":[15],"traffic":[16],"and":[17,36,67,84,105,142,150,166],"advancements":[18],"wireless":[20],"technology.":[21],"Cell-switching,":[22],"well-established":[23],"literature":[25],"as":[26,33],"an":[27],"effective":[28],"solution,":[29],"encounters":[30],"limitations":[31],"such":[32],"inadequate":[34],"capacity":[35],"limited":[37],"coverage":[38],"when":[39],"implemented":[40],"through":[41,133],"terrestrial":[42],"networks":[43,52],"(TN).":[44],"This":[45,73],"study":[46,158],"enhances":[47],"cell-switching":[48,92,154],"by":[49,79],"integrating":[50],"nonterrestrial":[51],"(NTN)\u2014including":[53],"satellites":[54],"(used":[55],"for":[56,58,175],"cellswitching":[57],"the":[59,119,148,170],"first":[60],"time),":[61],"high":[62],"altitude":[63],"platform":[64],"stations":[65],"(HAPS),":[66],"uncrewed":[68],"aerial":[69],"vehicles":[70],"(UAVs)\u2014into":[71],"TN.":[72],"integration":[74],"significantly":[75],"boosts":[76],"savings":[78],"expanding":[80],"capacity,":[81],"enhancing":[82,143],"coverage,":[83],"increasing":[85],"operational":[86],"flexibility.":[87],"We":[88],"introduce":[89],"a":[90,113],"multi-tier":[91],"approach":[93,174],"that":[94],"dynamically":[95],"offloads":[96],"users":[97],"across":[98],"network":[99,131,140,163],"layers":[100],"to":[101],"manage":[102],"effectively":[104],"minimize":[106],"delays,":[107],"accommodating":[108],"diverse":[109],"user":[110,167],"demands":[111],"with":[112],"context-aware":[114],"strategy.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"we":[117],"explore":[118],"role":[120],"of":[121,153,172],"artificial":[122],"intelligence":[123],"(AI),":[124],"particularly":[125],"generative":[126],"AI":[127],"(GenAI),":[128],"optimizing":[130],"efficiency":[132,152],"data":[134],"compression,":[135],"handover":[136],"optimization":[137],"between":[138],"different":[139],"layers,":[141],"device":[144],"compatibility,":[145],"further":[146],"improving":[147],"adaptability":[149],"operations.":[155],"A":[156],"case":[157],"confirms":[159],"substantial":[160],"improvements":[161],"power":[164],"satisfaction,":[168],"demonstrating":[169],"potential":[171],"our":[173],"future":[176],"networks.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
