{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407948983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127","title":"Beyond Radio: Het-Medium Networks and Its Cross-Medium Communication Paradigms for 6G","display_name":"Beyond Radio: Het-Medium Networks and Its Cross-Medium Communication Paradigms for 6G","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407948983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002958599","display_name":"Mingming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002159392","display_name":"Yufeng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-2562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701341","display_name":"Yue Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064281156","display_name":"Yulan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-7985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680487","display_name":"Shiying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-7634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744244","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communications and Information Processing (WCIP) Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept, Wireless Communications and Information Processing (WCIP) Group, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications and Information Processing (WCIP) Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept, Wireless Communications and Information Processing (WCIP) Group, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76591145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"200","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6602487564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.43832260370254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4017244875431061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6602487564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.43832260370254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4017244875431061}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3546127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980537241","https://openalex.org/W2285342821","https://openalex.org/W2291149924","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3012427268","https://openalex.org/W3034779987","https://openalex.org/W3195684093","https://openalex.org/W4283812597","https://openalex.org/W4285246415","https://openalex.org/W4312050985","https://openalex.org/W4317418915","https://openalex.org/W4377235594","https://openalex.org/W4383220101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,7,29,35,47,54,59,66,74,86,90,106,111,117,155,169,175,182,185,191],"evolving":[2],"landscape":[3],"of":[4,31,38,50,79,92,108,141,158,184,196],"communication":[5,40,96,166],"technologies,":[6],"integration":[8],"ofHeterogeneousMediumNetworks":[9],"(HetMNets)":[10],"has":[11],"emerged":[12],"as":[13,85,138],"a":[14,18,150],"pivotal":[15],"progression,":[16],"signaling":[17],"departure":[19],"from":[20],"traditional,":[21],"radio-centric":[22],"paradigms.":[23,146],"As":[24],"we":[25,64,129,148],"edge":[26],"closer":[27],"to":[28,104,173],"realization":[30],"6G":[32,80,112],"networks,":[33],"understanding":[34],"intricate":[36],"dynamics":[37],"cross-medium":[39,170],"(CMC)":[41],"becomes":[42],"imperative.":[43],"This":[44],"article":[45],"indicates":[46],"multifaceted":[48],"nature":[49],"HetMNets":[51,109,142],"and":[52,73,77,122,162,193],"explores":[53],"transformative":[55],"CMC":[56,134,145,187],"paradigms":[57],"shaping":[58],"roadmap":[60],"toward":[61],"6G.":[62],"First,":[63],"outline":[65],"key":[67],"performance":[68],"indicators":[69],"(KPIs),":[70],"potential":[71,123],"scenarios,":[72],"emerging":[75],"technologies":[76],"applications":[78],"wireless":[81],"systems,":[82],"which":[83],"serve":[84],"driving":[87],"forces":[88],"behind":[89],"development":[91],"HetMNets.":[93,127,197],"Subsequently,":[94],"various":[95],"media":[97,167],"are":[98],"introduced,":[99],"contrasting":[100],"their":[101],"propagation":[102],"characteristics":[103],"underscore":[105],"indispensability":[107],"for":[110],"landscape.":[113],"We":[114],"then":[115],"enumerate":[116],"general":[118],"issues":[119],"involving":[120],"challenges/problems":[121],"technical":[124],"solutions":[125],"in":[126,189],"Moreover,":[128],"present":[130],"an":[131,139],"air-sea":[132],"coordinated":[133],"system":[135],"model,":[136],"serving":[137],"example":[140],"built":[143],"upon":[144],"Specifically,":[147],"tackle":[149],"power":[151,157],"allocation":[152],"challenge,":[153],"optimizing":[154],"transmit":[156],"both":[159],"underwater":[160],"acoustic":[161],"radio":[163],"frequency":[164],"(RF)":[165],"at":[168],"bidirectional":[171],"relay":[172],"curtail":[174],"outage":[176],"probability.":[177],"The":[178],"corresponding":[179],"solution":[180],"highlights":[181],"efficacy":[183],"proposed":[186],"paradigm":[188],"supporting":[190],"reliability":[192],"resource":[194],"efficiency":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}