{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405718480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983","title":"Communication and Control Co-Design in 6G: Sequential Decision-Making With LLMs","display_name":"Communication and Control Co-Design in 6G: Sequential Decision-Making With LLMs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405718480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/226915/1/Author_Accepted_Version.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065252700","display_name":"Xianfu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Co., Ltd, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Co., Ltd, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046333931","display_name":"Celimuge Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celimuge Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta-Networking Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Meta-Networking Research Center, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta-Networking Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta-Networking Research Center, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113142923","display_name":"Yi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3919-6352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Co., Ltd, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Co., Ltd, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037098061","display_name":"Yusheng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusheng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048209270","display_name":"Tsutomu Yoshinaga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsutomu Yoshinaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta-Networking Research Center and the Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Meta-Networking Research Center, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-8938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta-Networking Research Center and the Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta-Networking Research Center, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069951778","display_name":"Qiang Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078403521","display_name":"Charilaos C. Zarakovitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-0378"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charilaos C. Zarakovitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["AXON Logic, Athens, Greece","AXON Logic, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-0378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AXON Logic, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AXON Logic, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626780","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91658706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":"131","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6062999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6062999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.5408999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.4959000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5451837778091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5383435487747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39229023456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35795891284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14839142560958862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5451837778091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5383435487747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39229023456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35795891284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14839142560958862}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3520983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:226915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/226915/1/Author_Accepted_Version.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:226915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/226915/1/Author_Accepted_Version.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405718480.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405718480.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903928149","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3013103056","https://openalex.org/W3186866947","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W4385871837","https://openalex.org/W4403677296","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6757469721","https://openalex.org/W6779265984","https://openalex.org/W6849861922","https://openalex.org/W6851775633","https://openalex.org/W6857151620","https://openalex.org/W6861790757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"a":[3,35,52,57,63,85],"control":[4,15,31,50,95],"system":[5,39],"within":[6],"the":[7,19,25,38,43,78,89,99,109,125],"context":[8],"of":[9,47,80,91,101],"sixth-generation":[10],"wireless":[11],"networks.":[12],"The":[13],"remote":[14],"performance":[16],"optimization":[17],"confronts":[18],"technical":[20],"challenges":[21],"that":[22],"arise":[23],"from":[24],"intricate":[26],"interactions":[27],"between":[28],"communication":[29,48,93],"and":[30,49,94,123],"sub-systems,":[32],"asking":[33],"for":[34,61,120,128],"co-design.":[36],"Considering":[37],"dynamics,":[40],"we":[41,107],"formulate":[42],"sequential":[44],"co-design":[45,96],"decision-makings":[46],"over":[51],"discrete":[53],"time":[54],"horizon":[55],"as":[56],"Markov":[58],"decision":[59],"process,":[60],"which":[62],"practical":[64],"offline":[65,116],"learning":[66,104,117],"framework":[67,72,118],"is":[68],"proposed.":[69],"Our":[70],"proposed":[71,103],"integrates":[73],"large":[74],"language":[75],"models":[76],"into":[77],"elements":[79],"reinforcement":[81],"learning.":[82],"We":[83],"present":[84],"case":[86],"study":[87],"on":[88],"age":[90],"semantics-aware":[92],"to":[97,113],"showcase":[98],"potential":[100],"our":[102,115],"framework.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"discuss":[108],"open":[110],"issues":[111],"remaining":[112],"make":[114],"feasible":[119],"real-world":[121],"implementations":[122],"highlight":[124],"research":[126],"directions":[127],"future":[129],"explorations.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}