{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403600542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273","title":"When Distributed Consensus Meets Wireless Connected Autonomous Systems: A Review and a DAG-Based Approach","display_name":"When Distributed Consensus Meets Wireless Connected Autonomous Systems: A Review and a DAG-Based Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403600542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/340399/1/340399.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083134226","display_name":"Huan Yu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-6086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-6086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075605659","display_name":"Chentao Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chentao Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-2319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kindom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76693493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"261","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7454779744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5601090788841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5192815661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.505770206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4189838171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3102356195449829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7454779744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5601090788841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5192815661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.505770206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4189838171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3102356195449829}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3482273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:340399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/67828.html>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/340399/1/340399.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:340399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/67828.html>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/340399/1/340399.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403600542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403600542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11780888","https://openalex.org/W2892729923","https://openalex.org/W2903665206","https://openalex.org/W2982614372","https://openalex.org/W3088281391","https://openalex.org/W3173196773","https://openalex.org/W4288064627","https://openalex.org/W4294811216","https://openalex.org/W4308391463","https://openalex.org/W4312602653","https://openalex.org/W4315605989","https://openalex.org/W4381194842","https://openalex.org/W4396817398","https://openalex.org/W6849257049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W2038165453","https://openalex.org/W1885824365","https://openalex.org/W1595657826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36],"connected":[1],"and":[2,6,22,29,40,58,62,93,152,189,193,223],"autonomous":[3],"systems":[4],"(CAS)":[5],"auto-driving":[7],"era":[8],"is":[9,32,77],"coming":[10],"into":[11,238],"our":[12],"life.":[13],"To":[14,161],"support":[15],"CAS":[16,80],"applications":[17],"such":[18,45],"as":[19,46,154,156],"AI-driven":[20],"decision-making":[21],"blockchain-based":[23],"smart":[24],"data":[25,28,178],"management":[26],"platform,":[27],"message":[30,38,56,172,187],"exchange/dissemination":[31],"a":[33,167,176,213],"fundamental":[34],"element.":[35],"distributed":[37,82,228],"broadcast":[39],"forward":[41],"protocols":[42],"in":[43,79,117,159],"CAS,":[44,103,182],"vehicular":[47],"ad":[48],"hoc":[49],"networks":[50],"(VANET),":[51],"can":[52],"suffer":[53],"from":[54],"significant":[55],"loss":[57,188],"uncertain":[59],"transmission":[60],"delay,":[61],"faulty":[63],"nodes":[64,87],"might":[65,121],"disseminate":[66],"fake":[67],"messages":[68],"to":[69,84,98,174,197,217,232],"confuse":[70],"the":[71,74,90,99,113,195,199,227],"network.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"consensus":[75,105,120,132,137,145,240],"mechanism":[76],"essential":[78],"with":[81,112],"structure":[83,173],"guarantee":[85],"correct":[86],"agree":[88],"on":[89,141],"same":[91],"parameter":[92],"reach":[94],"consistency.":[95],"However,":[96],"due":[97],"wireless":[100],"nature":[101],"of":[102,115,202,236],"traditional":[104,119],"cannot":[106],"be":[107,122],"directly":[108],"deployed.":[109],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"development":[114],"intelligence":[116],"machines,":[118],"inefficient":[123],"for":[124,146,181,221,226],"future":[125,203],"CAS.":[126,160],"This":[127],"article":[128],"reviews":[129],"several":[130],"existing":[131],"mechanisms,":[133],"including":[134],"average/maximum/minimum":[135],"estimation":[136],"mechanisms":[138],"that":[139],"apply":[140],"quantity,":[142],"Byzantine":[143],"fault-tolerant":[144],"request,":[147],"state":[148],"machine":[149],"replication":[150],"(SMR)":[151],"blockchain,":[153],"well":[155],"their":[157],"implementations":[158],"deploy":[162],"wireless-adapted":[163],"consensus,":[164],"we":[165,207],"propose":[166],"Directed":[168],"Acyclic":[169],"Graph":[170],"(DAG)-based":[171],"build":[175],"non-equivocation":[177],"dissemination":[179],"protocol":[180,210],"which":[183],"has":[184,194],"resilience":[185],"against":[186],"unpredictable":[190],"forwarding":[191],"latency,":[192],"potential":[196,235],"solve":[198],"first":[200],"step":[201],"intelligent":[204],"consensus.":[205],"Finally,":[206],"enhance":[208],"this":[209],"by":[211],"developing":[212],"two-dimension":[214],"DAG-based":[215],"strategy":[216],"achieve":[218],"partial":[219],"order":[220,225],"blockchain":[222],"total":[224],"service":[229],"model":[230],"SMR,":[231],"show":[233],"its":[234],"integrating":[237],"different":[239],"protocols.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
