{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396886558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893","title":"Q-ID: Lightweight Quantum Network Server Identification Through Fingerprinting","display_name":"Q-ID: Lightweight Quantum Network Server Identification Through Fingerprinting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396886558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028437035","display_name":"Jindi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-0616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-0616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072993455","display_name":"Tianjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6195-0050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6195-0050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426184","display_name":"Qun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87005069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"146","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8264999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8264999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.7055000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.652899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7356178760528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6711801886558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6023685932159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46931788325309753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7356178760528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6711801886558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6023685932159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46931788325309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2024.3400893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079099822","https://openalex.org/W2930242962","https://openalex.org/W4220821613","https://openalex.org/W4221162061","https://openalex.org/W4226325348","https://openalex.org/W4312936103","https://openalex.org/W4368755094","https://openalex.org/W4378174476","https://openalex.org/W4383899686","https://openalex.org/W4385267349","https://openalex.org/W4385291960","https://openalex.org/W4387831895","https://openalex.org/W4388856928","https://openalex.org/W4395091825","https://openalex.org/W4401753373","https://openalex.org/W6853090423","https://openalex.org/W6855293392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"quantum":[1,5,19,34,50,58,72,97,101,128,163,173],"network":[2,23],"comprises":[3],"interconnected":[4],"servers":[6,20,59,98,164],"capable":[7],"of":[8,56,116,180],"communication":[9],"and":[10,26,80,178],"collaboration":[11],"for":[12,18,48,69,127],"computational":[13,40,102],"tasks.":[14],"It":[15],"is":[16],"essential":[17],"within":[21],"this":[22,144],"to":[24,37,52,60,141],"identify":[25,159],"authenticate":[27],"one":[28],"another.":[29],"For":[30],"instance,":[31],"when":[32],"a":[33,39,90,108,124,166],"server":[35,51],"intends":[36],"execute":[38],"task":[41,110],"on":[42,170],"another":[43],"machine,":[44],"it":[45],"becomes":[46],"crucial":[47],"the":[49,54,119,149,153,171,176],"verify":[53],"authenticity":[55],"other":[57],"maintain":[61],"confidence":[62],"in":[63,165],"delegating":[64],"computation.":[65],"While":[66],"several":[67],"methods":[68],"fingerprinting":[70,92],"these":[71],"computers":[73],"have":[74,132],"been":[75],"proposed,":[76],"many":[77],"are":[78],"resource-intensive":[79],"not":[81],"currently":[82],"practical.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"this,":[86],"we":[87,131],"introduce":[88],"Q-ID,":[89],"lightweight":[91],"method":[93],"that":[94,138],"accurately":[95],"identifies":[96],"with":[99,152],"negligible":[100],"demands.":[103],"Q-ID":[104],"operates":[105],"by":[106],"running":[107],"user\u2019s":[109],"circuit":[111],"at":[112],"two":[113],"different":[114],"levels":[115],"noise,":[117],"using":[118],"resulting":[120],"performance":[121,145],"gap":[122,151],"as":[123],"unique":[125],"identifier":[126],"servers.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"developed":[133],"an":[134],"error":[135],"evolution":[136],"algorithm":[137],"allows":[139],"users":[140,156],"locally":[142],"estimate":[143],"gap.":[146],"By":[147],"comparing":[148],"estimated":[150],"actual":[154],"one,":[155],"can":[157],"effectively":[158],"or":[160],"differentiate":[161],"between":[162],"network.":[167],"Our":[168],"experiments":[169],"IBM":[172],"platform":[174],"showcase":[175],"efficacy":[177],"benefits":[179],"our":[181],"approach.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}