{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389076467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141","title":"Space Digital Twin for Secure Satellite Internet: Vulnerabilities, Methodologies, and Future Directions","display_name":"Space Digital Twin for Secure Satellite Internet: Vulnerabilities, Methodologies, and Future Directions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389076467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061557215","display_name":"Zeqi Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeqi Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-2738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003662255","display_name":"Yangtao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-7696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangtao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-7696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011803365","display_name":"Hewu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hewu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-6542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031110393","display_name":"Qian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-055X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-055X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085684888","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3148-6003"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3148-6003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9671393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"30","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7632267475128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7042942047119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4935091733932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.45674341917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41951116919517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4181548058986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3800387680530548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7632267475128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7042942047119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4935091733932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.45674341917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41951116919517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4181548058986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3800387680530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3337141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144622427","https://openalex.org/W2478945892","https://openalex.org/W2970135689","https://openalex.org/W3005971024","https://openalex.org/W3010331594","https://openalex.org/W3013468015","https://openalex.org/W3093476542","https://openalex.org/W3109810757","https://openalex.org/W4285054924","https://openalex.org/W4287887971","https://openalex.org/W4297094574","https://openalex.org/W4389546099","https://openalex.org/W6798350494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W3021302227","https://openalex.org/W10630519","https://openalex.org/W1919377569","https://openalex.org/W3144288563","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W3123907821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,76,130],"innovative":[2],"paradigm":[3],"for":[4,32,60,161,189],"the":[5,41,80,110,122,145,170,175],"next-generation":[6],"6G":[7],"communication,":[8],"integrated":[9],"space":[10,45],"and":[11,19,28,43,57,83,105,120,155,164,180],"terrestrial":[12,21],"networks":[13],"(ISTNs)":[14],"synthesize":[15],"emerging":[16,87],"satellite":[17,107],"mega-constellations":[18],"existing":[20],"network":[22,146],"infrastructures,":[23],"promising":[24],"to":[25,51,112],"provide":[26],"ubiquitous":[27],"high-speed":[29],"Internet":[30,62,108],"services":[31,63],"global":[33],"users.":[34],"However,":[35],"as":[36,150,152],"satellites":[37],"are":[38,49],"operated":[39],"in":[40,70],"open":[42],"uncontrolled":[44],"environment,":[46],"future":[47,190],"ISTNs":[48],"vulnerable":[50],"various":[52,118],"attacks.":[53],"Towards":[54],"a":[55,98,138,158,183],"secure":[56,104],"reliable":[58,106],"ISTN":[59,131,140],"pervasive":[61],"globally,":[64],"we":[65,74,90,168],"carry":[66],"out":[67],"our":[68],"study":[69],"three":[71],"steps.":[72],"First,":[73],"conduct":[75,113],"in-depth":[77],"analysis":[78],"of":[79,86,124,157,173,178,185],"unique":[81],"characteristics":[82],"new":[84,187],"vulnerabilities":[85,156],"ISTNs.":[88],"Second,":[89],"envision":[91],"<italic":[92,134],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93,135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">space":[94],"digital":[95],"twin</i>":[96],"(SDT),":[97],"novel":[99],"technology":[100],"that":[101],"can":[102,133],"facilitate":[103],"with":[109],"ability":[111],"multi-dimensional":[114],"security":[115,153,162],"assessment,":[116],"identify":[117],"vulnerabilities,":[119],"evaluate":[121],"effectiveness":[123],"countermeasures":[125,165],"accordingly.":[126],"With":[127],"SDT":[128],"techniques,":[129],"operator/researcher":[132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">flexibly</i>":[136],"build":[137],"virtual":[139],"environment":[141],"(VIE),":[142],"which":[143],"duplicates":[144],"architecture,":[147],"protocols,":[148],"behaviors":[149],"well":[151],"threats":[154],"real":[159],"ISTN,":[160],"assessment":[163],"evaluation.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"conclude":[169],"key":[171],"challenges":[172],"realizing":[174],"full":[176],"capability":[177],"SDT,":[179],"accordingly":[181],"outline":[182],"list":[184],"corresponding":[186],"directions":[188],"research.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
