{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387415221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531","title":"Gateway Station Geographical Planning for Emerging Non-Geostationary Satellites Constellations","display_name":"Gateway Station Geographical Planning for Emerging Non-Geostationary Satellites Constellations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387415221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2023.3321531","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001960809","display_name":"V\u00edctor Monz\u00f3n Baeza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-3944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor Monzon Baeza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-3944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059737172","display_name":"Flor Ort\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-4689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flor Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-4689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026746581","display_name":"Eva Lagunas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Lagunas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018245989","display_name":"Tedros Salih Abdu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-5525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tedros Salih Abdu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-5525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001960809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98179211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"158","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.8180400133132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7028046250343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6752254962921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5576646327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5506104230880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gateway","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","score":0.5493655800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.5023539066314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.4234529137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40795838832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3332294225692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2123567759990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10898289084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10229179263114929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.8180400133132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7028046250343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6752254962921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5576646327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5506104230880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.5493655800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.5023539066314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.4234529137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40795838832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3332294225692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2123567759990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10898289084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10229179263114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2023.3321531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:8420467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2023.3321531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:8420467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2023.3321531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997631832","https://openalex.org/W2346347636","https://openalex.org/W2810528273","https://openalex.org/W2901575247","https://openalex.org/W2966775234","https://openalex.org/W3025809456","https://openalex.org/W3127931315","https://openalex.org/W3152725543","https://openalex.org/W3178611087","https://openalex.org/W3186144287","https://openalex.org/W3193219851","https://openalex.org/W3195288909","https://openalex.org/W4285323717","https://openalex.org/W4317418698","https://openalex.org/W4385269724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W1991082449","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W4225291832","https://openalex.org/W2062350146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,55,63,82,141,155,158],"recent":[2],"advances":[3],"and":[4,27,48,62,116,171],"innovations":[5],"in":[6,175],"satellite":[7,12],"communications,":[8],"Non-Geostationary":[9],"Orbit":[10],"(NGSO)":[11],"constellations":[13],"are":[14],"gaining":[15],"popularity":[16],"as":[17,108],"a":[18,31,70,98,128,136,148],"viable":[19],"option":[20],"for":[21,89,144,161],"providing":[22],"widespread":[23],"broadband":[24],"internet":[25],"access":[26,67],"backhauling":[28],"services.":[29],"However,":[30],"more":[32],"complex":[33],"ground":[34,38,56,66,99],"segment":[35,100],"with":[36],"multiple":[37],"stations":[39],"is":[40,123,151],"necessary":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,139],"these":[44,133],"satellites\u2019":[45],"high":[46],"speeds":[47],"low":[49],"altitudes.":[50],"The":[51,120],"complete":[52],"dimensioning":[53,101],"of":[54,65,81,157],"segment,":[57],"including":[58],"gateway":[59,91],"optimal":[60],"placement":[61],"number":[64],"points,":[68],"remains":[69],"relevant":[71,168],"open":[72,169],"challenge.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75,176],"article,":[76],"we":[77,96,166],"provide":[78],"an":[79],"overview":[80],"key":[83,172],"factors":[84],"that":[85,103,130],"shall":[86],"be":[87],"considered":[88],"NGSO":[90],"station":[92],"geographical":[93,114],"planning.":[94],"Subsequently,":[95],"propose":[97],"approach":[102],"combines":[104,131],"several":[105],"criteria,":[106],"such":[107],"rain":[109],"attenuation,":[110],"elevation":[111],"angle,":[112],"visibility,":[113],"constraints,":[115],"user":[117],"traffic":[118],"demands.":[119],"operational":[121],"concept":[122],"first":[124],"discussed,":[125],"followed":[126],"by":[127],"methodology":[129],"all":[132],"constraints":[134],"into":[135],"single":[137],"map-grid":[138],"select":[140],"best":[142],"position":[143],"each":[145],"gateway.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"case":[149],"study":[150],"presented,":[152],"which":[153],"demonstrates":[154],"performance":[156],"proposed":[159],"methodology,":[160],"one":[162],"example":[163],"constellation.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"highlight":[167],"challenges":[170],"research":[173],"directions":[174],"area.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-10-07T00:00:00"}