{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989821035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","title":"Improving physical-layer security in wireless communications using diversity techniques","display_name":"Improving physical-layer security in wireless communications using diversity techniques","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989821035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","mag":"1989821035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090513264","display_name":"Yulong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073139448","display_name":"Jia Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3532-0143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.6956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":288,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9958234,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8130068778991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.804232120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7642627954483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.7298754453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6083859205245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.53318190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-diversity","display_name":"Cooperative diversity","score":0.525148868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.45515841245651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.4462614059448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44175484776496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4387011229991913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.43286508321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.41924458742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4029453992843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.39294543862342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.33235442638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12566977739334106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8130068778991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.804232120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7642627954483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.7298754453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6083859205245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.53318190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6832461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167914","display_name":"Cooperative diversity","level":4,"score":0.525148868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.45515841245651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.4462614059448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44175484776496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4387011229991913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.43286508321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.41924458742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4029453992843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.39294543862342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.33235442638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12566977739334106}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2015.7018202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1405.3725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.3725","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.749.8593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.749.8593","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3725.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1405.3725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.3725","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W2012603227","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2055044375","https://openalex.org/W2062612962","https://openalex.org/W2072563372","https://openalex.org/W2086006789","https://openalex.org/W2093880568","https://openalex.org/W2095220967","https://openalex.org/W2116422221","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2134968843","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2310371736","https://openalex.org/W3106095601","https://openalex.org/W3215058120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993671760","https://openalex.org/W2376754011","https://openalex.org/W3026778509","https://openalex.org/W4287776800","https://openalex.org/W2462883630","https://openalex.org/W3188430173","https://openalex.org/W3116845106","https://openalex.org/W2183269049","https://openalex.org/W189118074","https://openalex.org/W2135935240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,25,39,65,101,131,138,198],"the":[2,41,49,60,71,117,133,147,171,177],"broadcast":[3],"nature":[4],"of":[5,52,62,127,150,160,173,183],"radio":[6],"propagation,":[7],"wireless":[8,42,53,103],"transmission":[9,135,153,186],"can":[10],"be":[11],"readily":[12],"overheard":[13],"by":[14,47],"unauthorized":[15],"users":[16],"for":[17,84,93],"interception":[18],"purposes":[19],"and":[20,76,88,112,163,180],"is":[21,33,57,167,191],"thus":[22],"highly":[23],"vulnerable":[24],"eavesdropping":[26,45,143,203],"attacks.":[27,144,204],"To":[28,115],"this":[29],"end,":[30],"physical-layer":[31,67,104,200],"security":[32,68,118,148,201],"emerging":[34],"as":[35,170],"a":[36,124],"promising":[37],"paradigm":[38],"protect":[40],"communications":[43],"against":[44,142,202],"attacks":[46],"exploiting":[48,128,195],"physical":[50],"characteristics":[51],"channels.":[54],"This":[55],"article":[56],"focused":[58],"on":[59],"investigation":[61],"diversity":[63,99,197],"techniques":[64],"improve":[66,102,187,199],"differently":[69],"from":[70,136],"conventional":[72],"artificial":[73,86],"noise":[74,87],"generation":[75],"beamforming":[77],"techniques,":[78],"which":[79],"typically":[80],"consume":[81],"additional":[82],"power":[83],"generating":[85],"exhibit":[89],"high":[90],"implementation":[91],"complexity":[92],"beamformer":[94],"design.":[95],"We":[96,145],"present":[97],"several":[98],"approaches":[100],"security,":[105],"including":[106],"multiple-input":[107],"multiple-output":[108],"(MIMO),":[109],"multiuser":[110],"diversity,":[111,121],"cooperative":[113,129,151,184,196],"diversity.":[114],"illustrate":[116],"improvement":[119],"through":[120],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"case":[125],"study":[126],"relays":[130,174],"assist":[132],"signal":[134],"source":[137],"destination":[139],"while":[140],"defending":[141],"evaluate":[146],"performance":[149],"relay":[152,185],"in":[154,158,194],"Rayleigh":[155],"fading":[156],"environments":[157],"terms":[159],"secrecy":[161,178],"capacity":[162,179],"intercept":[164,181],"probability.":[165],"It":[166],"shown":[168],"that":[169],"number":[172],"increases,":[175],"both":[176],"probability":[182],"significantly,":[188],"implying":[189],"there":[190],"an":[192],"advantage":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}