{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992577911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","title":"A tale of the tails: Power-laws in internet measurements","display_name":"A tale of the tails: Power-laws in internet measurements","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992577911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","mag":"1992577911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046437897","display_name":"Aniket Mahanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-3073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniket Mahanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","NICTA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077044865","display_name":"Niklas Carlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Carlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111750897","display_name":"Anirban Mahanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Mahanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","NICTA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465031","display_name":"Martin Arlitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-2255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Arlitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Palo Alto, Canada","Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Palo Alto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083779826","display_name":"Carey Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-7237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carey Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96581146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.8280467391014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7700105905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-distribution","display_name":"Pareto distribution","score":0.731258749961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6606553196907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law","display_name":"Power law","score":0.6415186524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.5339841842651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5190178155899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5154672265052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.47395801544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.20181089639663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16215455532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12913498282432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.111991286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10525569319725037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.8280467391014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7700105905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190373308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837683","display_name":"Pareto distribution","level":2,"score":0.731258749961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6606553196907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87040749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Power law","level":2,"score":0.6415186524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5339841842651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5190178155899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5154672265052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.47395801544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.20181089639663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16215455532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12913498282432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.111991286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10525569319725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2013.6423193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1236737278","https://openalex.org/W1548238936","https://openalex.org/W1920896335","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W1986697120","https://openalex.org/W1993803315","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2005829247","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2103799649","https://openalex.org/W2112053513","https://openalex.org/W2115022330","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2156737568","https://openalex.org/W2997134027","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W4255938980","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632938818","https://openalex.org/W6640283841","https://openalex.org/W6644524268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092194739","https://openalex.org/W3208337555","https://openalex.org/W2954657388","https://openalex.org/W1896412130","https://openalex.org/W3123671407","https://openalex.org/W105352677","https://openalex.org/W3122671634","https://openalex.org/W1977206595","https://openalex.org/W2921198951","https://openalex.org/W2411421322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power-laws":[0],"are":[1,53],"ubiquitous":[2],"in":[3,94],"the":[4,34,57,117,129],"Internet":[5,21,80],"and":[6,27,36,50,101,109,131],"its":[7],"applications.":[8],"This":[9],"tutorial":[10],"presents":[11],"a":[12,63],"review":[13,104],"of":[14,79,92,133],"power-laws":[15,26,93,120],"with":[16,44],"emphasis":[17],"on":[18],"observations":[19],"from":[20,99],"measurements.":[22],"First,":[23],"we":[24,75,88,103],"introduce":[25],"describe":[28],"two":[29],"commonly":[30],"observed":[31],"power-law":[32,69,85,111],"distributions,":[33,46],"Pareto":[35],"Zipf":[37],"distributions.":[38],"Two":[39],"frequently":[40],"occurring":[41],"terms":[42],"associated":[43],"these":[45],"specifically":[47],"heavy":[48],"tails":[49],"long":[51],"tails,":[52],"also":[54],"discussed.":[55],"Second,":[56],"preferential":[58],"attachment":[59],"model,":[60],"which":[61],"is":[62,72],"widely":[64],"used":[65],"model":[66],"for":[67],"generating":[68],"graph":[70],"structures,":[71],"reviewed.":[73],"Subsequently,":[74],"present":[76],"several":[77,90],"examples":[78,98],"workload":[81],"properties":[82],"that":[83,115],"exhibit":[84],"behavior.":[86],"Finally,":[87],"explore":[89],"implications":[91],"computer":[95],"networks.":[96],"Using":[97],"past":[100],"present,":[102],"how":[105],"researchers":[106,126],"have":[107,121],"studied":[108],"exploited":[110],"properties.":[112],"We":[113],"observe":[114],"despite":[116],"challenges":[118],"posed,":[119],"been":[122],"effectively":[123],"leveraged":[124],"by":[125],"to":[127],"improve":[128],"design":[130],"performance":[132],"Internet-based":[134],"systems.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}