{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973482513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","title":"Energy efficiency in passive optical networks: where, when, and how?","display_name":"Energy efficiency in passive optical networks: where, when, and how?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973482513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","mag":"1973482513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/374050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046281223","display_name":"Luca Valcarenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Valcarenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037979134","display_name":"Dung Pham Van","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dung Pham Van","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053655837","display_name":"Pier Giorgio Raponi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pier Giorgio Raponi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085666131","display_name":"P. Castoldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Castoldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant ' Anna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078125093","display_name":"Divanilson R. Campelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-2665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. R. Campelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil","Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086877092","display_name":"Shing\u2010Wa Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stanford, USA","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111752614","display_name":"S.C. Yen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stanford, USA","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067337142","display_name":"L.G. Kazovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-6634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. G. Kazovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stanford, USA","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065927710","display_name":"Shinji Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Laboratories Limited, Japan","Fujitsu Laboratories ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Laboratories Limited, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Laboratories ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97978561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"61","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7953184843063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7634546756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7296576499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.6783515214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6221042275428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5927356481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5381468534469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5204513072967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.46396908164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4317011833190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16390731930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1436244249343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12554794549942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.105794757604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10312315821647644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7953184843063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7634546756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7296576499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.6783515214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6221042275428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5927356481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5381468534469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5204513072967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.46396908164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4317011833190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16390731930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1436244249343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12554794549942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.105794757604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10312315821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2012.6375895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/374050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/374050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/374050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11382/374050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523209876","https://openalex.org/W1565168159","https://openalex.org/W1969591852","https://openalex.org/W1977218476","https://openalex.org/W2074212018","https://openalex.org/W2092213466","https://openalex.org/W2104688280","https://openalex.org/W2106312594","https://openalex.org/W2106699718","https://openalex.org/W2143602725","https://openalex.org/W2144436070","https://openalex.org/W2166051523","https://openalex.org/W2171288642","https://openalex.org/W2197016740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W3048672182","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2065450024","https://openalex.org/W2207517346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,56],"provides":[2,57],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,78,138],"current":[6,26],"efforts":[7],"in":[8,12,43,73,145],"reducing":[9],"energy":[10,71,87],"consumption":[11,72],"passive":[13],"optical":[14],"access":[15],"networks.":[16],"Both":[17],"ITU-T":[18],"and":[19,33,52,66,128],"IEEE":[20],"standardized":[21,45],"PONs":[22,75],"are":[23,35,97,120],"considered.":[24],"The":[25],"solutions":[27],"proposed":[28,121],"by":[29,76],"standardization":[30],"authorities,":[31],"industry,":[32],"academia":[34],"classified":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38],"the":[39,44,55,125,136],"layer":[40,133],"they":[41],"address":[42],"architectures:":[46],"physical":[47,94,117],"layer,":[48,51],"data":[49,131],"link":[50,132],"hybrid.":[53],"Then,":[54],"answers":[58],"to":[59,68,85,109,122,141],"major":[60],"questions,":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63],"where,":[64],"when,":[65],"how":[67],"reduce":[69,86],"PON":[70],"TDM":[74],"means":[77],"a":[79,151],"quantitative":[80],"evaluation.":[81],"Results":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84,96],"consumption,":[88],"ONUs":[89,140],"must":[90],"be":[91],"provided":[92],"with":[93],"devices":[95],"not":[98],"only":[99],"power-efficient":[100],"but":[101],"also":[102],"provide":[103],"improved":[104],"services":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"fast":[107],"synchronization)":[108],"upper":[110],"layers.":[111],"For":[112],"this":[113],"latter":[114],"purpose,":[115],"novel":[116],"ONU":[118],"architectures":[119],"speed":[123],"up":[124],"synchronization":[126],"process":[127],"enable":[129],"effective":[130],"solutions.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"feasibility":[137],"switching":[139],"low":[142],"power":[143],"mode":[144],"idle":[146],"slots":[147],"is":[148],"assessed":[149],"through":[150],"testbed":[152],"implementation.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}