{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038556651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","title":"Mitigating DDoS attacks with transparent and intelligent fast-flux swarm network","display_name":"Mitigating DDoS attacks with transparent and intelligent fast-flux swarm network","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038556651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","mag":"2038556651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028326154","display_name":"Rui-ping Lua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiping Lua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Nanyang Technological University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068924885","display_name":"Kin\u2010Choong Yow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-661X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Yow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Nanyang Technological University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97565041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"28","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8751592636108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8286533951759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.7203824520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.647247314453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5823198556900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5758311748504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5337076783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5047370195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.23194622993469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.112725168466568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8751592636108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8286533951759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.7203824520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.647247314453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5823198556900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5758311748504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5337076783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5047370195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.23194622993469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.112725168466568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2011.5958005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561744373","https://openalex.org/W2087766914","https://openalex.org/W2107363720","https://openalex.org/W2111958600","https://openalex.org/W2120626294","https://openalex.org/W2139153904","https://openalex.org/W2143918801","https://openalex.org/W2154178154","https://openalex.org/W2168009894","https://openalex.org/W4243917453","https://openalex.org/W6633679277","https://openalex.org/W6672775965","https://openalex.org/W6681181325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W2039821316","https://openalex.org/W2388081684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"denial":[1],"of":[2,57,106,117,148],"service":[3,10,92],"attacks":[4,19,38],"are":[5],"a":[6,32,99,143],"great":[7],"threat":[8],"to":[9,35,51,60,82,97],"availability":[11],"in":[12,23],"cloud":[13,108],"computing.":[14],"In":[15,27],"recent":[16],"years,":[17],"DDoS":[18,37,146],"have":[20],"increased":[21],"tremendously":[22],"bandwidth":[24],"and":[25,55,74,89,121],"technique.":[26],"this":[28],"article,":[29],"we":[30,128],"propose":[31],"novel":[33],"approach":[34],"mitigate":[36],"using":[39],"an":[40],"intelligent":[41,46],"fast-flux":[42,78],"swarm":[43,47,58,86,123],"network.":[44],"An":[45],"network":[48,138,147],"is":[49,139],"required":[50],"ensure":[52],"autonomous":[53],"coordination":[54],"allocation":[56],"nodes":[59,120,124],"perform":[61],"its":[62],"relaying":[63],"operations.":[64],"We":[65],"adapted":[66],"the":[67,137],"Intelligent":[68],"Water":[69],"Drop":[70],"algorithm":[71],"for":[72],"distributed":[73],"parallel":[75],"optimization.":[76],"The":[77],"technique":[79],"was":[80],"used":[81],"maintain":[83,130],"connectivity":[84],"between":[85],"nodes,":[87],"clients,":[88],"servers.":[90],"Fast-flux":[91],"networks":[93],"also":[94],"allow":[95],"us":[96],"build":[98],"transparent":[100],"service,":[101],"which":[102],"allows":[103],"minimal":[104],"modifications":[105],"existing":[107],"services":[109],"(e.g.":[110],"HTTP,":[111],"SMTP).":[112],"A":[113],"software":[114],"simulation":[115],"consisting":[116],"400,000":[118],"client":[119],"10,000":[122,149],"has":[125],"shown":[126],"that":[127],"can":[129],"99.96":[131],"percent":[132],"packet":[133],"delivery":[134],"ratio":[135],"when":[136],"under":[140],"attack":[141],"from":[142],"similarly":[144],"sized":[145],"dedicated":[150],"malicious":[151],"nodes.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}