{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171665783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","title":"Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey","display_name":"Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171665783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","mag":"2171665783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070946785","display_name":"Fikret Sivrikaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-4761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Sivrikaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676361","display_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Yener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.5126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":854,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99248901,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"45","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.8862712383270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8178533911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7721008658409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.7170135974884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.6552332639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5838117599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5744835734367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","score":0.5303825736045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49787163734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.47903457283973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4562261700630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.454312801361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization-networks","display_name":"Synchronization networks","score":0.41113489866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36789634823799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.32222265005111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31536728143692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17337262630462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12695279717445374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.8862712383270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8178533911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7721008658409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.7170135974884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.6552332639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5838117599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5744835734367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7091991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149548","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","level":5,"score":0.5303825736045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49787163734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.47903457283973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4562261700630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.454312801361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111097370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10969923","display_name":"Synchronization networks","level":4,"score":0.41113489866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36789634823799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.32222265005111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31536728143692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17337262630462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12695279717445374}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2004.1316761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.2012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.2012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~sivrif/academic/papers/IEEEnetwork04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523600600","https://openalex.org/W1525109264","https://openalex.org/W1964393191","https://openalex.org/W2046306310","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2106261559","https://openalex.org/W2118487515","https://openalex.org/W2122690764","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2159219540","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W4239930240","https://openalex.org/W4243554987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039529505","https://openalex.org/W1583321132","https://openalex.org/W2379538059","https://openalex.org/W2389400472","https://openalex.org/W2255329889","https://openalex.org/W2373538876","https://openalex.org/W2350629286","https://openalex.org/W2079499758","https://openalex.org/W1983168832","https://openalex.org/W2352319949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"synchronization":[1,60,76,87,93,103],"is":[2],"an":[3,70],"important":[4],"issue":[5],"in":[6,94,99],"multihop":[7],"ad":[8],"hoc":[9],"wireless":[10],"networks":[11,20],"such":[12,41],"as":[13,42],"sensor":[14,19,25,39,80,95,110],"networks.":[15,65,81,111],"Many":[16],"applications":[17],"of":[18,24,33,38,45,56],"need":[21,91],"local":[22],"clocks":[23],"nodes":[26,57],"to":[27],"be":[28],"synchronized,":[29],"requiring":[30],"various":[31],"degrees":[32],"precision.":[34],"Some":[35],"intrinsic":[36],"properties":[37],"networks,":[40,96],"limited":[43],"resources":[44],"energy,":[46],"storage,":[47],"computation,":[48],"and":[49,89,107],"bandwidth,":[50],"combined":[51],"with":[52],"potentially":[53],"high":[54],"density":[55],"make":[58],"traditional":[59],"methods":[61,104],"unsuitable":[62],"for":[63,79,92,109],"these":[64],"Hence,":[66],"there":[67],"has":[68],"been":[69],"increasing":[71],"research":[72],"focus":[73],"on":[74],"designing":[75],"algorithms":[77],"specifically":[78],"This":[82],"article":[83],"reviews":[84],"the":[85,90,101],"time":[86],"problem":[88],"then":[97],"presents":[98],"detail":[100],"basic":[102],"explicitly":[105],"designed":[106],"proposed":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}