{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376607773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.134.2200578","title":"When Quantum Information Technologies Meet Blockchain in Web 3.0","display_name":"When Quantum Information Technologies Meet Blockchain in Web 3.0","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376607773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.134.2200578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.134.2200578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.134.2200578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053209543","display_name":"Minrui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-8146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minrui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-8146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037920323","display_name":"Xiaoxu Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-1405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062761975","display_name":"Jiawen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007510770","display_name":"Chao Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363470","display_name":"Xiaofei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CA","CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.1404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99367133,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805770754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5513748526573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.48564043641090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48347169160842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.41310346126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37047135829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.2664968967437744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805770754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5513748526573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.48564043641090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48347169160842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.41310346126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37047135829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2664968967437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.134.2200578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.134.2200578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901395403","https://openalex.org/W2948602808","https://openalex.org/W2964247343","https://openalex.org/W3008629526","https://openalex.org/W3008958965","https://openalex.org/W3102696759","https://openalex.org/W3110674267","https://openalex.org/W3114016450","https://openalex.org/W3134447585","https://openalex.org/W4206598149","https://openalex.org/W4281253650","https://openalex.org/W4293811970","https://openalex.org/W4295242256","https://openalex.org/W4297644618","https://openalex.org/W4312646739","https://openalex.org/W4323519423","https://openalex.org/W4360887654","https://openalex.org/W6843207333","https://openalex.org/W6846680531","https://openalex.org/W6850823349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,31],"the":[1,20,32,46,62,75,108,119,129,165,177,187],"drive":[2],"to":[3,163],"create":[4],"a":[5,13,88,144,154],"decentralized":[6,99,189],"digital":[7,16,190],"economy,":[8],"Web":[9,38,91,113,139,172],"3.0":[10,39,92,114],"has":[11],"become":[12],"cornerstone":[14],"of":[15,22,35,48,77,110,121,134],"transformation,":[17],"developed":[18,42],"on":[19],"basis":[21],"computing":[23,51,59,79],"power":[24],"networks,":[25],"distributed":[26],"data":[27,68,100,122],"storage,":[28],"and":[29,52,80,102,123,132,152,184],"blockchain.":[30],"rapid":[33],"realization":[34],"quantum":[36,49,53,58,78,89,111,136,148,155],"devices,":[37],"is":[40],"being":[41],"in":[43,83,138,171],"parallel":[44],"with":[45,74,115],"deployment":[47],"cloud":[50],"Internet.":[54],"In":[55,174],"this":[56,84,175],"regard,":[57],"first":[60],"disrupts":[61],"original":[63],"cryptographic":[64],"systems":[65],"that":[66,94],"protect":[67],"security":[69,97,117,183],"while":[70],"reshaping":[71],"modern":[72],"cryptography":[73],"advantages":[76],"communication.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,106,127,142],"introduce":[87],"blockchain-driven":[90,112],"framework":[93,109,179],"provides":[95],"information-theoretic":[96],"for":[98,147,160,168,186],"transferring":[101],"payment":[103],"transactions.":[104],"First,":[105],"present":[107],"futureproof":[116],"during":[118],"transmission":[120],"transaction":[124],"information.":[125],"Next,":[126],"discuss":[128],"potential":[130],"applications":[131],"challenges":[133],"implementing":[135],"blockchain":[137],"3.0.":[140,173],"Finally,":[141],"describe":[143],"use":[145],"case":[146],"non-fungible":[149],"tokens":[150],"(NFTs)":[151],"propose":[153],"deep":[156],"learning-based":[157],"optimal":[158],"auction":[159],"NFT":[161],"trading":[162],"maximize":[164],"achievable":[166],"revenue":[167],"sufficient":[169],"liquidity":[170],"way,":[176],"proposed":[178],"can":[180],"achieve":[181],"proven":[182],"sustainability":[185],"next-generation":[188],"society.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}