{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287854318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.118.2200071","title":"Human Digital Twin for Personalized Healthcare: Vision, Architecture and Future Directions","display_name":"Human Digital Twin for Personalized Healthcare: Vision, Architecture and Future Directions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287854318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.118.2200071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.118.2200071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.118.2200071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032691539","display_name":"Samuel D. Okegbile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-3534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel D. Okegbile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001802859","display_name":"Jun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043939315","display_name":"Changyan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032691539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.3205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99645241,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"262","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9222999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9043999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7165166139602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.669607937335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.537074089050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5133647322654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4399494230747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2483566701412201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7165166139602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.669607937335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.537074089050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5133647322654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4399494230747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2483566701412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.118.2200071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.118.2200071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971396017","https://openalex.org/W2216406802","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2801346558","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2941876953","https://openalex.org/W2966906878","https://openalex.org/W2967569340","https://openalex.org/W3004825562","https://openalex.org/W3103060003","https://openalex.org/W3119595909","https://openalex.org/W3163246710","https://openalex.org/W3164089829","https://openalex.org/W4205196752","https://openalex.org/W4293057691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"digital":[1,41],"twin":[2],"(HDT)":[3],"is":[4,35,98,103],"an":[5],"emerging":[6],"technology":[7],"that":[8,66,148],"can":[9],"revolutionize":[10],"the":[11,16,59,68,80,124,136,163],"existing":[12],"healthcare":[13,21],"system":[14],"with":[15],"ability":[17],"to":[18,37,40,142],"enable":[19],"personalized":[20],"services":[22],"(PHS)":[23],"using":[24],"various":[25],"tools":[26],"such":[27,48],"as":[28,49,92,94],"artificial":[29],"intelligence":[30],"and":[31,51,64,83,110,127,133,139,157],"blockchain.":[32],"Its":[33],"implementation":[34,112],"expected":[36],"be":[38],"similar":[39],"twins":[42],"proposed":[43],"in":[44],"other":[45],"application":[46],"areas":[47],"manufacturing":[50],"aviation":[52],"by":[53],"consisting":[54],"of":[55,74,79,96,131,165],"three":[56],"key":[57,128,137],"dimensions:":[58],"physical":[60],"entity,":[61],"virtual":[62],"model,":[63],"connection":[65],"characterizes":[67],"physical-virtual":[69],"interactions.":[70],"The":[71],"known":[72],"complexity":[73],"human":[75],"body":[76],"structure":[77],"because":[78],"constant":[81],"molecular":[82],"physiological":[84],"changes,":[85],"however,":[86],"means":[87],"extracting":[88],"precise":[89],"medical":[90],"data":[91],"well":[93],"modeling":[95],"HDT":[97,102,132,166],"very":[99],"difficult.":[100],"Hence,":[101],"much":[104],"more":[105],"complex":[106],"than":[107],"its":[108,111],"counterparts":[109],"methods":[113],"remain":[114],"unclear,":[115],"which":[116],"deserves":[117],"further":[118],"investigation.":[119],"This":[120],"article":[121,150],"thus":[122],"presents":[123],"architectural":[125],"framework":[126],"design":[129],"requirements":[130],"then":[134],"discusses":[135],"technologies":[138],"technical":[140],"challenges":[141],"suggest":[143],"future":[144],"directions.":[145],"We":[146],"believe":[147],"this":[149],"will":[151],"open":[152],"up":[153],"new":[154,159],"research":[155,160],"opportunities":[156],"motivate":[158],"efforts":[161],"towards":[162],"development":[164],"for":[167],"PHS.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
