{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287889564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.116.2200034","title":"Security of Industrial Robots: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigations","display_name":"Security of Industrial Robots: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287889564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.116.2200034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.116.2200034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.116.2200034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023346483","display_name":"Hongyi Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-5815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongyi Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057658419","display_name":"Liang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver,USA","University of Colorado Denver, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074459586","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8364-8598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079378336","display_name":"Mingyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726041","display_name":"Jiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023346483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99030695,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8443549871444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7933871746063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7068980932235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6434470415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6256690621376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-robot","display_name":"Industrial robot","score":0.4332488477230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18840372562408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10325756669044495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8443549871444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7933871746063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7068980932235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6434470415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6256690621376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128980","display_name":"Industrial robot","level":3,"score":0.4332488477230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18840372562408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10325756669044495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.116.2200034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.116.2200034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1600754861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833015,U1911401,61972345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005302181","https://openalex.org/W2527816191","https://openalex.org/W2707036725","https://openalex.org/W2752681103","https://openalex.org/W2896680395","https://openalex.org/W2930135659","https://openalex.org/W2940624697","https://openalex.org/W2971939610","https://openalex.org/W2995785831","https://openalex.org/W3033278969","https://openalex.org/W3091879011","https://openalex.org/W3109279341","https://openalex.org/W3117514464","https://openalex.org/W6743887323","https://openalex.org/W6767485864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W4287635472","https://openalex.org/W2963445270","https://openalex.org/W4244907930","https://openalex.org/W2171912896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0,16],"robots":[1,17,41],"are":[2,7],"prototypical":[3],"cyber-physical":[4],"systems":[5,31],"that":[6,49],"widely":[8],"deployed":[9],"in":[10,29,148],"smart":[11],"and":[12,90,110,120,142,165],"automated":[13],"manufacturing":[14,30,34,57],"systems.":[15],"perform":[18],"physical":[19,52,83],"operations":[20],"(picking-and-placing)":[21],"based":[22,79],"on":[23,80],"their":[24,44],"interactions":[25],"with":[26],"other":[27],"devices":[28],"via":[32],"the":[33,37,51,81,99,117,123,129,137,152],"network.":[35],"However,":[36],"networking":[38],"of":[39,73,101,107,125,131,135,155,169],"industrial":[40,69,102,156],"also":[42,115],"magnifies":[43],"risks":[45],"to":[46,150],"cyber":[47],"attacks":[48],"endanger":[50],"world,":[53],"for":[54],"example,":[55],"damaging":[56],"devices,":[58],"degrading":[59],"production":[60],"quality/efficiency,":[61],"or":[62],"even":[63],"hurting":[64],"human":[65],"operators.":[66],"To":[67],"protect":[68],"robots,":[70,157],"a":[71,160],"variety":[72],"security":[74,104,112,132,153],"solutions":[75],"have":[76],"been":[77],"proposed":[78],"robot's":[82],"model,":[84],"operation":[85,167],"data,":[86],"side":[87],"channel":[88],"information,":[89],"so":[91],"on.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"article,":[95],"we":[96,158],"first":[97],"summarize":[98],"literature":[100],"robot":[103,126,140],"from":[105],"perspectives":[106],"vulnerabilities,":[108],"attacks,":[109],"existing":[111],"solutions.":[113],"We":[114],"analyze":[116],"main":[118],"challenges":[119],"difficulties":[121],"hindering":[122],"development":[124],"security,":[127],"including":[128],"lack":[130,134],"awareness,":[133],"testbeds,":[136],"usually":[138],"proprietary":[139],"firmware/protocols,":[141],"limited":[143],"on-board":[144],"computing":[145],"resources.":[146],"Moreover,":[147],"order":[149],"facilitate":[151],"research":[154],"provide":[159],"dataset":[161],"containing":[162],"both":[163],"normal":[164],"abnormal":[166],"data":[168],"robots.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
