{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287887971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.106.2100622","title":"Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks: Architectures, Key Techniques, and Experimental Progress","display_name":"Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks: Architectures, Key Techniques, and Experimental Progress","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287887971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.106.2100622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.106.2100622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.106.2100622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030428283","display_name":"Yaohua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaohua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203564","display_name":"Mugen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mugen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669789","display_name":"Shijie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-5387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155967","display_name":"OriginWater (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7gmn81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034584917","display_name":"Guangrong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5251-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155967","display_name":"OriginWater (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7gmn81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangrong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364172","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-4743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155967","display_name":"OriginWater (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7gmn81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yinhe Hangtian (Beijing) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.9049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99752979,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"191","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7366495132446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.540823221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.516843855381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-interface","display_name":"Network interface","score":0.4782349467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/next-generation-network","display_name":"Next-generation network","score":0.45114633440971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.4416694939136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.44012826681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4390186369419098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4368015229701996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-interface","display_name":"Air interface","score":0.42956024408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4203302562236786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.419864684343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12538263201713562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366495132446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.540823221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.516843855381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103987645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985806","display_name":"Network interface","level":3,"score":0.4782349467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110994511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661020","display_name":"Next-generation network","level":3,"score":0.45114633440971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.4416694939136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.44012826681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4390186369419098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4368015229701996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455112","display_name":"Air interface","level":3,"score":0.42956024408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4203302562236786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.419864684343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12538263201713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.106.2100622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.106.2100622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1761696806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001053,61925101,61831002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4436601371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB2900200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050365151","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2892656107","https://openalex.org/W2900688900","https://openalex.org/W2909847702","https://openalex.org/W2920823518","https://openalex.org/W2963693258","https://openalex.org/W2989938724","https://openalex.org/W3016229109","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3098986442","https://openalex.org/W3117917364","https://openalex.org/W3149792239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2196589796","https://openalex.org/W1975663089","https://openalex.org/W2544365975","https://openalex.org/W2364245347","https://openalex.org/W2370741534","https://openalex.org/W2142026180","https://openalex.org/W2028119377","https://openalex.org/W2715382222","https://openalex.org/W2392298119","https://openalex.org/W1495022166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,116],"promising":[2],"paradigm":[3],"toward":[4],"the":[5,21,27,59,98,114,142],"sixth":[6],"generation":[7],"mobile":[8],"communication,":[9],"integrated":[10],"satellite-terrestrial":[11],"networks":[12,104],"(ISTNs)":[13],"can":[14],"greatly":[15],"extend":[16],"network":[17,170],"coverage":[18],"and":[19,49,66,128,136,169,183],"reduce":[20],"dependence":[22],"on":[23,160],"terrestrial":[24],"infrastructure.":[25],"Despite":[26],"charming":[28],"potentials":[29],"of":[30,39,62,81,144],"ISTN,":[31,179],"many":[32],"challenges":[33],"are":[34,106],"still":[35],"unsolved":[36],"in":[37,53,87,146,178],"terms":[38],"architectures,":[40],"air":[41,161],"interface":[42,162],"protocol":[43,69,163,167],"enhancement,":[44,164],"mobility":[45],"management,":[46],"experimental":[47,154],"validation,":[48],"so":[50],"on.":[51],"Therefore,":[52],"this":[54],"article,":[55],"we":[56,173],"first":[57],"clarify":[58],"four":[60],"stages":[61],"ISTN":[63,145],"architecture":[64],"development":[65],"then":[67],"discuss":[68],"enhancements":[70],"as":[71,73,97],"well":[72],"key":[74],"techniques":[75],"for":[76],"ISTN.":[77],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"one":[80],"our":[82],"previous":[83],"experiments":[84],"is":[85,95,122,156],"reported":[86],"detail,":[88],"where":[89],"low":[90],"Earth":[91],"orbit":[92],"satellite":[93],"communication":[94],"used":[96],"backbone":[99],"connecting":[100],"two":[101],"private":[102],"5G":[103],"that":[105],"400":[107],"km":[108],"away":[109],"from":[110],"each":[111],"other.":[112],"During":[113],"experiment,":[115],"remote":[117],"immersive":[118],"robot":[119],"control":[120,166],"service":[121],"realized":[123],"with":[124],"average":[125],"end-to-end":[126],"latency":[127],"uplink":[129],"peak":[130],"data":[131],"rate":[132],"being":[133],"30":[134],"ms":[135],"50":[137],"Mb/s,":[138],"respectively,":[139],"which":[140],"shows":[141],"feasibility":[143],"supporting":[147],"emerging":[148],"industrial":[149],"Internet":[150],"applications.":[151],"Meanwhile,":[152],"other":[153],"progress":[155],"also":[157],"presented,":[158],"focusing":[159],"transmission":[165],"transmission,":[168],"management.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"point":[174],"out":[175],"future":[176],"trends":[177],"including":[180],"programmable":[181],"satellites":[182],"artificial-intelligence-based":[184],"networking.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
