{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287888546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.103.2100419","title":"Toward a Hybrid RF/Optical Lunar Communication System (LunarComm)","display_name":"Toward a Hybrid RF/Optical Lunar Communication System (LunarComm)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287888546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.103.2100419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.103.2100419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.103.2100419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103222754","display_name":"Waseem Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oklahoma,USA","University of Oklahoma, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022576419","display_name":"Ethan Abele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131712","display_name":"Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City","ror":"https://ror.org/03y1zyv86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Abele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,USA","Oklahoma State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081991938","display_name":"John F. O\u2019Hara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8193-1867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131712","display_name":"Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City","ror":"https://ror.org/03y1zyv86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John O'Hara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,USA","Oklahoma State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023952905","display_name":"Behnaz Sadr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnaz Sadr","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tulsa,USA","University of Tulsa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tulsa,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047351631","display_name":"Peter G. LoPresti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-1289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter LoPresti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tulsa,USA","University of Tulsa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tulsa,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101789165","display_name":"Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oklahoma,USA","University of Oklahoma, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080735730","display_name":"Wooyeol Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-0674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131712","display_name":"Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City","ror":"https://ror.org/03y1zyv86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wooyeol Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,USA","Oklahoma State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062928741","display_name":"Ickhyun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ickhyun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University,South Korea","Hanyang University, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008986653","display_name":"Serhat Altun\u00e7","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serhat Altunc","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,USA","NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013221043","display_name":"Obadiah Kegege","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obadiah Kegege","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,USA","NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014255349","display_name":"Sabit Ekin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-7752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131712","display_name":"Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City","ror":"https://ror.org/03y1zyv86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabit Ekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,USA","Oklahoma State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103222754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72714865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"76","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.6866516470909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6343157291412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.6042306423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.49826812744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4806469976902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.47013527154922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.46716535091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4519020915031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4479333162307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43152618408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-exploration","display_name":"Space exploration","score":0.41385188698768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasa-deep-space-network","display_name":"NASA Deep Space Network","score":0.4111279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3465160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.3218737244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22332429885864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16904038190841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10526108741760254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.6866516470909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6343157291412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.6042306423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.49826812744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4806469976902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.47013527154922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.46716535091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4519020915031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4479333162307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43152618408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104060986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180046","display_name":"Space exploration","level":2,"score":0.41385188698768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187107819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835696","display_name":"NASA Deep Space Network","level":3,"score":0.4111279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3465160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.3218737244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22332429885864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16904038190841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10526108741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.103.2100419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.103.2100419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5100468211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC20M0214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594144864","https://openalex.org/W2006978231","https://openalex.org/W2035585028","https://openalex.org/W2136253824","https://openalex.org/W2396975145","https://openalex.org/W2530279583","https://openalex.org/W2602059976","https://openalex.org/W2773304895","https://openalex.org/W2785366314","https://openalex.org/W2951511037","https://openalex.org/W2963776386","https://openalex.org/W3009349617","https://openalex.org/W3081132021","https://openalex.org/W3170034909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1612238190","https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W1973216439","https://openalex.org/W2121851790","https://openalex.org/W3044323540","https://openalex.org/W791577771","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W2361487835","https://openalex.org/W4386111849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prospect":[1],"of":[2,13,19,33,85,97,141],"mankind":[3],"returning":[4],"to":[5,161],"the":[6,25,31,80,95,167],"Moon":[7],"has":[8],"garnered":[9],"a":[10,34,92,102,113,121],"great":[11],"amount":[12],"attention":[14],"in":[15,61,112,128,139,174],"recent":[16,59],"years.":[17],"Dozens":[18],"lunar":[20,105],"missions":[21,173],"are":[22,137],"planned":[23],"for":[24,94,124,169],"coming":[26],"decade":[27],"which":[28,108],"will":[29],"require":[30],"development":[32],"sustainable":[35],"communication":[36,46],"infrastructure":[37],"with":[38],"high":[39],"data":[40,76],"rates":[41],"and":[42,83,87,152,165],"minimal":[43],"latency.":[44],"Space":[45,68],"systems":[47],"thus":[48],"far":[49],"have":[50,64],"relied":[51],"on":[52],"Radio":[53],"Frequency":[54],"(RF)":[55],"links":[56,71],"alone,":[57],"but":[58],"developments":[60],"laser":[62],"communications":[63,106,164],"demonstrated":[65],"that":[66],"Free":[67],"Optical":[69],"(FSO)":[70],"can":[72],"achieve":[73],"much":[74],"higher":[75],"rates.":[77],"Upon":[78],"considering":[79],"respective":[81],"benefits":[82],"drawbacks":[84],"RF":[86],"FSO":[88],"links,":[89],"we":[90],"make":[91],"case":[93,122],"integration":[96],"these":[98],"two":[99],"technologies":[100],"into":[101],"hybrid":[103],"RF/FSO":[104],"architecture":[107,158],"leverages":[109],"small":[110],"satellites":[111],"Low":[114],"Earth":[115],"Orbit":[116],"(LEO)":[117],"constellation.":[118],"We":[119],"include":[120],"study":[123],"this":[125],"technology":[126],"designed":[127],"Analytical":[129],"Graphics'":[130],"Systems":[131],"Tool":[132],"Kit":[133],"(STK)":[134],"software.":[135],"Results":[136],"presented":[138],"terms":[140],"chain":[142],"access":[143],"duration,":[144],"propagation":[145],"delay,":[146],"transmission":[147],"loss,":[148],"Signal-to-Noise":[149],"Ratio":[150],"(SNR),":[151],"Bit":[153],"Error":[154],"Rate":[155],"(BER).":[156],"This":[157],"shows":[159],"potential":[160],"revolutionize":[162],"extraterrestrial":[163],"pave":[166],"way":[168],"highly":[170],"ambitious":[171],"future":[172],"space.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}