{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285103096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.012.2000672","title":"Scalable Self-Sovereign Identity Architecture","display_name":"Scalable Self-Sovereign Identity Architecture","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285103096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.012.2000672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.012.2000672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.012.2000672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017004453","display_name":"Jelena Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jelena Misic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465701","display_name":"Vojislav B. Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojislav B. Misic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024597522","display_name":"Xiaolin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-8857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017004453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89656311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"114","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120676875114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7706452012062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5672280788421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5297478437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4875935912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4749094247817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4612369239330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4569885730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.44840502738952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4351118803024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-layer","display_name":"Service layer","score":0.4324079155921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.4295901656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3722495436668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.193250834941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.1698068082332611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120676875114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7706452012062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5672280788421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5297478437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4875935912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4749094247817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4612369239330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4569885730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.44840502738952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4351118803024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108548466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455767","display_name":"Service layer","level":3,"score":0.4324079155921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4295901656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3722495436668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.193250834941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.1698068082332611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.012.2000672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.012.2000672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117007327","https://openalex.org/W1971286892","https://openalex.org/W2013608896","https://openalex.org/W2128356562","https://openalex.org/W2133671968","https://openalex.org/W2232910219","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2752019525","https://openalex.org/W2807661999","https://openalex.org/W2963799774","https://openalex.org/W2974275696","https://openalex.org/W3033451189","https://openalex.org/W3113926678","https://openalex.org/W6678832241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2145120192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,58,90],"propose":[1],"a":[2,11,22,64],"scalable":[3],"self-sovereign":[4],"identity":[5],"(S3I)":[6],"system":[7,39,65],"architecture":[8],"that":[9,44,70,97],"uses":[10],"hierarchically":[12],"structured":[13],"Byzantine":[14],"fault":[15],"tolerance":[16],"layer":[17],"of":[18,47,62,101],"validating":[19],"authorities":[20],"and":[21,27,32,66,77,88],"permissioned":[23],"blockchain":[24,49],"to":[25,74],"record":[26],"manage":[28],"user":[29],"identities.":[30],"Users":[31],"service":[33],"providers":[34],"interact":[35],"with":[36,80],"the":[37,48,55,99,102],"S3I":[38],"through":[40],"nearby":[41],"proxy":[42],"nodes":[43],"store":[45],"copies":[46],"but":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"participate":[53],"in":[54],"consensus":[56],"protocol.":[57],"identify":[59],"different":[60],"challenges":[61,73],"such":[63,85],"discuss":[67],"design":[68],"choices":[69],"allow":[71],"those":[72],"be":[75],"addressed":[76],"ultimately":[78],"resolved,":[79],"focus":[81],"on":[82],"networking":[83],"issues":[84],"as":[86],"performance":[87,94],"coverage.":[89],"also":[91],"show":[92],"preliminary":[93],"evaluation":[95],"results":[96],"confirm":[98],"validity":[100],"proposed":[103],"approach.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}