{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170328939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","title":"B5G-Enabled Distributed Artificial Intelligence on Edges for COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak Prediction","display_name":"B5G-Enabled Distributed Artificial Intelligence on Edges for COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170328939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","mag":"3170328939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084403081","display_name":"Md. Rafiul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-3816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Rafiul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maine, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085933596","display_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Chair of Smart Technologies, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Chair of Smart Technologies, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072018895","display_name":"Meteb Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meteb Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035346417","display_name":"Mostafa Shamin Yeasar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11000651","display_name":"Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University","ror":"https://ror.org/009kcw598","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Shamin Yeasar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044756661","display_name":"M. Imtiaz Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Imtiaz Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048267256","display_name":"Kanis Fatema","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11000651","display_name":"Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University","ror":"https://ror.org/009kcw598","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanis Fatema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070697259","display_name":"Rubya Shaharin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-6140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11000651","display_name":"Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University","ror":"https://ror.org/009kcw598","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubya Shaharin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jatiyo Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11000651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927513","display_name":"Adel F. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-1642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel F Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084403081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85764409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"48","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7679980397224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5783190727233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5604027509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5450471043586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4809921979904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47358399629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4437953233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.42926907539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4277160167694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4129573404788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4092157483100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3850121796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3495594263076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20910272002220154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7679980397224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5783190727233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5604027509689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5450471043586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4809921979904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47358399629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4437953233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.42926907539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4277160167694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4129573404788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4092157483100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3850121796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3495594263076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20910272002220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952382660","https://openalex.org/W2983013319","https://openalex.org/W2983441169","https://openalex.org/W2983744909","https://openalex.org/W2986202533","https://openalex.org/W2999409984","https://openalex.org/W3005814581","https://openalex.org/W3039033741","https://openalex.org/W3041006163","https://openalex.org/W3042076285","https://openalex.org/W3042669018","https://openalex.org/W3088246894","https://openalex.org/W3089523237","https://openalex.org/W3092284106","https://openalex.org/W3124635510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66,136],"this":[1,137],"study,":[2,138],"we":[3],"leverage":[4],"the":[5,33,39,73,91,99,109,155,172,189,216],"fusion":[6],"of":[7,24,35,41,82,96,174,203,229,236],"edge":[8,37,169],"computing,":[9,38],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"methods,":[13],"and":[14,44,64,80,94,104,124,130,153,196,211],"facilities":[15],"provided":[16,48,111],"by":[17,49,60,112,148],"B5G":[18,156],"to":[19,142,179],"build":[20],"a":[21,67,88,161,180,194],"heterogeneous":[22],"set":[23],"AI":[25,151,166,183,219,232],"techniques":[26],"for":[27,57,75,164],"COVID-19":[28,224],"outbreak":[29,225],"prediction.":[30],"Advancement":[31],"in":[32,146,234],"areas":[34],"AI,":[36],"Internet":[40],"Things":[42],"(IoT),":[43],"fast":[45],"communication":[46,157],"networks":[47,53],"beyond":[50],"5G":[51],"(B5G)":[52],"has":[54],"opened":[55],"doors":[56],"new":[58,128],"possibilities":[59],"fusing":[61,149],"these":[62],"technologies":[63],"techniques.":[65],"pandemic":[68],"outbreak,":[69],"such":[70,114],"as":[71,115],"COVID-19,":[72],"need":[74],"rapid":[76],"analysis,":[77],"decision":[78],"making,":[79],"prediction":[81,147,198],"future":[83],"trends":[84],"becomes":[85],"paramount.":[86],"On":[87],"global":[89,195],"map,":[90],"distributed":[92,162,218],"processing":[93],"analysis":[95],"data":[97,122],"at":[98],"source":[100],"is":[101,133,141],"now":[102],"possible":[103],"much":[105],"more":[106],"efficient.":[107],"With":[108],"features":[110],"B5G,":[113],"low":[116],"latency,":[117],"larger":[118],"area":[119],"coverage,":[120],"higher":[121,144],"rate,":[123],"realtime":[125],"communication,":[126],"building":[127],"intelligent":[129],"efficient":[131],"frameworks":[132],"becoming":[134],"easier.":[135],"our":[139],"aim":[140],"achieve":[143],"accuracy":[145],"multiple":[150],"methods":[152,167],"leveraging":[154],"architecture.":[158],"We":[159],"propose":[160],"architecture":[163],"training":[165],"on":[168,220],"devices,":[170],"with":[171],"results":[173,202],"edge-trained":[175,191],"models":[176,192],"then":[177,186],"propagated":[178],"central":[181],"cloud":[182],"method,":[184],"which":[185],"combines":[187],"all":[188],"received":[190],"into":[193],"final":[197],"model.":[199],"The":[200],"experimental":[201],"five":[204],"countries":[205],"(United":[206],"States,":[207],"India,":[208],"Italy,":[209],"Bangladesh,":[210],"Saudi":[212],"Arabia)":[213],"show":[214],"that":[215,228],"proposed":[217],"edges":[221],"can":[222],"predict":[223],"better":[226],"than":[227],"each":[230],"individual":[231],"method":[233],"terms":[235],"correlation":[237],"coefficient":[238],"scores.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}