{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094817833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","title":"Group-based Password Characteristics Analysis","display_name":"Group-based Password Characteristics Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094817833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","mag":"3094817833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082144617","display_name":"Daojing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092223","display_name":"Suzhou Vocational University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn8pj83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daojing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, Suzhou Vocational University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, Suzhou Vocational University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092223","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101873064","display_name":"Beibei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-3780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beibei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101794556","display_name":"Hang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101535095","display_name":"Yao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research,Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091879207","display_name":"Sammy Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammy Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402882","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029714594","display_name":"Nadra Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-2685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadra Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082144617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092223","https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6606061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"311","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9507064819335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7595862746238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.5328726172447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5209532976150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.4835238456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.45215746760368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.44451603293418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.43417710065841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.4245433807373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3939661979675293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9507064819335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7595862746238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.5328726172447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5209532976150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.4835238456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.45215746760368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.44451603293418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.43417710065841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.4245433807373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3939661979675293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3747699501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936120,U1636216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W821002660","https://openalex.org/W2007488200","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2155873597","https://openalex.org/W2190581264","https://openalex.org/W2545123079","https://openalex.org/W2795753884","https://openalex.org/W2912333970","https://openalex.org/W2941485057","https://openalex.org/W2969342106","https://openalex.org/W3000721859","https://openalex.org/W3008796358","https://openalex.org/W3088400472","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6662610515","https://openalex.org/W6680012636","https://openalex.org/W6762265022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W2047210152","https://openalex.org/W2359085393","https://openalex.org/W4221040820","https://openalex.org/W2385370155","https://openalex.org/W3125785768","https://openalex.org/W2916013051","https://openalex.org/W2021087413","https://openalex.org/W2596766976","https://openalex.org/W2182949018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,148],"article,":[2],"we":[3,42],"analyze":[4,55],"password":[5,67,106,120,140],"characteristics":[6],"from":[7,23,32,45],"the":[8,24,93,111,143,150],"perspective":[9],"of":[10,98,113,129,135,145],"user":[11,83,159],"groups":[12],"in":[13,81,92,105],"different":[14,82,130,133,139,158],"countries":[15],"and":[16,39,52,69,96,132],"web-based":[17],"services.":[18],"We":[19,54,108],"collect":[20],"a":[21,102],"dataset":[22],"Chinese":[25],"railway":[26],"website":[27,99,136],"www.12306.cn.":[28],"which":[29],"contains":[30],"data":[31],"four":[33],"provinces,":[34],"Hubei,":[35],"Zhejiang,":[36],"Inner":[37],"Mongolia":[38],"Xinjiang.":[40],"Additionally,":[41],"select":[43],"datasets":[44,58,128],"two":[46,118],"English":[47],"based":[48,59,156],"Internet":[49],"applications,":[50],"Faithwrit-er":[51],"Facebook.":[53],"these":[56,114],"six":[57],"on":[60,157],"several":[61],"common":[62],"indicators,":[63],"including":[64],"popular":[65],"passwords,":[66],"structure":[68],"letter":[70],"distribution.":[71],"The":[72,85,123],"analysis":[73],"results":[74,125],"show":[75,87,126],"that":[76,88,127],"there":[77],"are":[78,154],"remarkable":[79],"differences":[80],"groups.":[84,160],"experiments":[86],"geographical":[89],"factors":[90],"(embodied":[91],"native":[94],"language)":[95],"types":[97,134],"services":[100,137],"play":[101],"significant":[103],"role":[104],"creation.":[107],"further":[109],"evaluate":[110],"security":[112],"passwords":[115,153],"by":[116],"employing":[117],"state-of-the-art":[119],"cracking":[121],"techniques.":[122],"attack":[124],"provinces":[131],"have":[138],"strength.":[141],"To":[142],"best":[144],"our":[146],"knowledge,":[147],"is":[149],"first":[151],"time":[152],"analyzed":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}