{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110641849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","title":"Physical Layer Authentication for 5G Communications: Opportunities and Road Ahead","display_name":"Physical Layer Authentication for 5G Communications: Opportunities and Road Ahead","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110641849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","mag":"3110641849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603261","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371204","display_name":"Weiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei University of Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei University of Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383507","display_name":"Pu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049398754","display_name":"Amir Alipour-Fanid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Alipour-Fanid","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996220","display_name":"Long Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078480632","display_name":"Kai Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94353899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"6","first_page":"198","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7946082353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7443529963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6746554970741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5965378284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5735626816749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5544428825378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.522869348526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4340393543243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4102822542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37082529067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3052959144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.27411773800849915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7946082353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7443529963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6746554970741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5965378284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5735626816749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5544428825378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.522869348526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4340393543243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4102822542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37082529067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3052959144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.27411773800849915}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2103970559","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2249590530","https://openalex.org/W2344173564","https://openalex.org/W2803989302","https://openalex.org/W2897163310","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2963071638","https://openalex.org/W2971766018","https://openalex.org/W2980594903","https://openalex.org/W2982147469","https://openalex.org/W3047322466","https://openalex.org/W6759223663","https://openalex.org/W6769442823","https://openalex.org/W6781317045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W4388520214","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1976502299","https://openalex.org/W1972125288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resorting":[0],"to":[1,14,59,68],"the":[2,26,62,70,77,83,97,106,112,116,125,152],"exploitation":[3],"of":[4,82,86,92,128],"physical":[5],"attributes,":[6],"physical-layer":[7],"authentication":[8],"(PLA)":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11],"promising":[12],"technology":[13,72],"supplement":[15],"and":[16,42,45,105,131,140,147,162],"enhance":[17],"current":[18],"cryptography-based":[19],"security":[20],"mechanisms":[21],"in":[22,25,51,80,96,111,115,151],"wireless":[23],"communications.":[24,164],"fifth-generation":[27],"(5G)":[28],"communications,":[29],"many":[30],"disruptive":[31],"technologies":[32],"spring":[33],"up,":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,74,76],"millimeter-wave":[37],"communication":[38],"(mmWave),":[39],"massive":[40],"multiple-input":[41],"multiple-output":[43],"(MiMO)":[44],"non-orthogonal-":[46],"multiple-access":[47],"(NOMA).":[48],"PLA":[49,101,135,144],"schemes":[50,102],"5G":[52,87,129,146],"networks":[53,130],"are":[54,103,109,149],"facing":[55],"challenges":[56,108],"while":[57],"exposed":[58],"opportunities":[60],"at":[61],"same":[63],"time.":[64],"This":[65],"article":[66],"seeks":[67],"identify":[69],"critical":[71],"gaps":[73],"well":[75],"feasible":[78],"enablers":[79,122],"terms":[81],"unique":[84,126],"characteristics":[85,127],"networks.":[88],"The":[89],"investigation":[90],"consists":[91],"four":[93],"hierarchical":[94],"parts.":[95],"first":[98],"section,":[99,118,154],"existing":[100],"reviewed,":[104],"corresponding":[107,134],"discussed":[110,150],"next":[113],"section.":[114],"third":[117],"we":[119],"investigate":[120],"potential":[121],"based":[123],"on":[124,143],"provide":[132],"three":[133],"case":[136],"studies.":[137],"Open":[138],"problems":[139],"research":[141],"directions":[142],"for":[145],"beyond":[148],"last":[153],"including":[155],"waveform":[156],"design,":[157],"feature":[158],"learning,":[159],"mobile":[160],"users,":[161],"terahertz":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}