{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033270110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","title":"Is Blockchain Suitable for Data Freshness? An Age-of-Information Perspective","display_name":"Is Blockchain Suitable for Data Freshness? An Age-of-Information Perspective","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033270110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","mag":"3033270110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02735","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402787","display_name":"Sungho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-4296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343632","display_name":"Minsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-8958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023489409","display_name":"Jemin Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jemin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055551918","display_name":"Ruei\u2010Hau Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruei-Hau Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Sun Yat-sen University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Sun Yat-sen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100402787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95556807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"96","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9781430959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8148303627967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.5330286026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5260037183761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5170103311538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5048530697822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4686645269393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4290487766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34535038471221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3255297541618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.25075867772102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1603160798549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08151867985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07985427975654602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9781430959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8148303627967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.5330286026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5260037183761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5170103311538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5048530697822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4686645269393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4290487766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34535038471221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3255297541618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25075867772102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1603160798549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08151867985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07985427975654602}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.011.2000044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.02735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.02735","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.02735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.02735","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8663481534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-2221-E-033,109-2221-E-110-041-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993918491","https://openalex.org/W2066786775","https://openalex.org/W2444311295","https://openalex.org/W2768771208","https://openalex.org/W2791487310","https://openalex.org/W2806281946","https://openalex.org/W2883125028","https://openalex.org/W2889679132","https://openalex.org/W2893088686","https://openalex.org/W2913091928","https://openalex.org/W2915151495","https://openalex.org/W2946297772","https://openalex.org/W2963159546","https://openalex.org/W2963696760","https://openalex.org/W2964302640","https://openalex.org/W3099468583","https://openalex.org/W3102661748","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6744220394","https://openalex.org/W6752617939","https://openalex.org/W6785233936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250942514","https://openalex.org/W4253897078","https://openalex.org/W4283163498","https://openalex.org/W3160375675","https://openalex.org/W4221010187","https://openalex.org/W4283257700","https://openalex.org/W4320037181","https://openalex.org/W3164536060","https://openalex.org/W4360999634","https://openalex.org/W4392013030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,11,20,69,164],"blockchain":[3,48,87,114],"technology":[4],"have":[5],"led":[6],"to":[7,78,95,110,153],"a":[8,21,32,65,105],"significant":[9],"interest":[10],"developing":[12],"blockchain-based":[13],"applications.":[14,58],"While":[15],"data":[16,45,60,80,120,162],"can":[17,26],"be":[18,27],"retained":[19],"blockchain,":[22],"the":[23,43,47,86,113,155,158],"stored":[24],"values":[25],"deleted":[28],"or":[29],"updated.":[30],"From":[31],"user":[33],"viewpoint":[34],"that":[35],"searches":[36],"for":[37,52,56,117],"data,":[38],"it":[39,107],"is":[40,50,90,108,115],"unclear":[41],"whether":[42],"discovered":[44],"from":[46],"storage":[49],"relevant":[51],"real-time":[53,73,119],"decision-making":[54],"processes":[55],"block-chain-based":[57],"The":[59],"freshness":[61,163],"issue":[62],"serves":[63],"as":[64],"critical":[66],"factor,":[67],"especially":[68],"dynamic":[70],"networks":[71,130,142],"handling":[72],"information.":[74],"In":[75,122],"general,":[76],"transactions":[77],"renew":[79],"require":[81],"additional":[82],"processing":[83],"time":[84],"inside":[85],"network,":[88],"which":[89],"called":[91],"ledger-commitment":[92],"latency.":[93],"Due":[94],"this":[96,123,148],"problem,":[97],"some":[98],"users":[99],"may":[100],"receive":[101],"outdated":[102],"data.":[103],"As":[104],"result,":[106],"important":[109],"investigate":[111,144],"if":[112],"suitable":[116],"providing":[118],"services.":[121],"article,":[124],"we":[125,136,168],"first":[126],"describe":[127],"block-chain-enabled":[128],"(BCE)":[129],"with":[131],"Hyperledger":[132],"Fabric":[133],"(HLF).":[134],"Then,":[135],"define":[137],"age-of-information":[138],"(AoI)":[139],"of":[140,157],"BCE":[141,165],"and":[143],"influential":[145,159],"factors":[146,160],"on":[147,161],"AoI.":[149],"Experiments":[150],"are":[151],"conducted":[152],"explore":[154],"impacts":[156],"networks.":[166],"Lastly,":[167],"conclude":[169],"by":[170],"discussing":[171],"future":[172],"challenges.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2020-06-12T00:00:00"}