{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008796358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","title":"Group Password Strength Meter Based on Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Group Password Strength Meter Based on Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008796358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","mag":"3008796358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082144617","display_name":"Daojing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daojing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101873064","display_name":"Beibei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-3780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beibei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090513884","display_name":"Xiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091879207","display_name":"Sammy Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammy Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101535095","display_name":"Yao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045229665","display_name":"Nadra Guiana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadra Guiana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082144617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87344708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"196","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.958281397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.8945064544677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8159005641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.778558611869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.6907161474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.6890150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.6572396755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6496787071228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-password-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge password proof","score":0.5482301712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4550801217556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-cracking","display_name":"Password cracking","score":0.4441670775413513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.958281397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.8945064544677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8159005641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.778558611869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.6907161474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.6890150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.6572396755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6496787071228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188615804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069448","display_name":"Zero-knowledge password proof","level":5,"score":0.5482301712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4550801217556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.4441670775413513}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167157979","https://openalex.org/W1526870393","https://openalex.org/W1993263140","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2157151879","https://openalex.org/W2463456957","https://openalex.org/W2488850733","https://openalex.org/W2751688886","https://openalex.org/W2779079325","https://openalex.org/W2801931360","https://openalex.org/W2889512688","https://openalex.org/W2911139872","https://openalex.org/W2964164368","https://openalex.org/W4321320097","https://openalex.org/W6719406283","https://openalex.org/W6722583902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W3131491961","https://openalex.org/W2017283799","https://openalex.org/W2953105088","https://openalex.org/W1995890708","https://openalex.org/W1970072309","https://openalex.org/W4299928509","https://openalex.org/W2596766976","https://openalex.org/W4302810031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"authentication":[1,18,30],"is":[2,47,116,181],"an":[3],"important":[4],"means":[5,19],"to":[6,37,48,98,157,183,187],"ensure":[7],"the":[8,28,33,50,64,71,80,93,100,122,148,153,159,185,197,204],"security":[9,51,132],"of":[10,53,82,95,103,124,199],"users'":[11],"cyber":[12],"accounts.":[13],"Although":[14],"there":[15],"are":[16,26],"various":[17],"such":[20],"as":[21],"irises":[22],"and":[23,41,76,164],"fingerprints,":[24],"passwords":[25,97],"still":[27],"main":[29],"method":[31,115],"for":[32],"foreseeable":[34],"future":[35],"due":[36],"their":[38],"low":[39],"cost":[40],"easy":[42],"implementation.":[43],"Password":[44],"strength":[45,52,67,113,193],"evaluation":[46,68,114,202],"measure":[49],"passwords,":[54],"which":[55],"has":[56],"been":[57],"widely":[58],"studied.":[59],"However,":[60],"we":[61,91,120,146],"found":[62],"that":[63,138],"current":[65],"password":[66,74,86,101,112,127,140,165,186,192,201,206],"methods":[69],"ignore":[70],"characteristics":[72,102,163],"from":[73],"creators":[75],"do":[77],"not":[78],"consider":[79],"impact":[81],"regional":[83],"groups":[84,128,141],"on":[85,107],"generation.":[87],"In":[88,118],"this":[89,108],"paper,":[90],"propose":[92],"concept":[94],"group":[96,162],"analyze":[99,121],"different":[104,139,143],"groups.":[105],"Based":[106],"notion,":[109],"a":[110,189],"group-based":[111],"proposed.":[117],"addition,":[119],"vulnerabilities":[123],"largescale":[125],"real-world":[126,205],"leaked":[129],"in":[130,152,177],"previous":[131],"incidents.":[133],"The":[134],"analysis":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"have":[142],"characteristics.":[144],"Then,":[145],"use":[147],"attention":[149],"mechanism":[150],"(AM)":[151],"neural":[154],"network":[155],"model":[156,173],"learn":[158],"dependence":[160],"between":[161],"context":[166],"features.":[167],"A":[168],"long":[169],"short-term":[170],"memory":[171],"(LSTM)":[172],"with":[174],"natural":[175],"advantages":[176],"processing":[178],"timing":[179],"features":[180],"used":[182],"process":[184],"achieve":[188],"more":[190],"accurate":[191],"evaluation.":[194],"We":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"effectiveness":[198],"groupbased":[200],"using":[203],"data":[207],"sets.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
