{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401361970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802","title":"Ray Tracing Tools Assessment for the Evaluation of EMF Levels Generated by 5G NR Systems: An Overview","display_name":"Ray Tracing Tools Assessment for the Evaluation of EMF Levels Generated by 5G NR Systems: An Overview","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401361970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements &amp;amp; Networking (M&amp;amp;N)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037106315","display_name":"Francesca Lodato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Lodato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058401649","display_name":"Andrea Garzia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Garzia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051968179","display_name":"Simona Valbonesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1459-1387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Valbonesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040866115","display_name":"Giuseppe Ruello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0322-0880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Ruello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085352884","display_name":"Antonio Iodice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-3601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Iodice","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052398617","display_name":"F. Matera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6833-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Matera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074160857","display_name":"Pierpaolo Salvo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierpaolo Salvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065535802","display_name":"Rita Massa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-8418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802782265","display_name":"Fondazione \"Ugo Bordoni\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01kc65v41","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802782265"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Massa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Ugo Bordoni,Bologna,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Ugo Bordoni,Bologna,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802782265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037106315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75999215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6701684594154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5871769785881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3202231526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2021995484828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08311986923217773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6701684594154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5871769785881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3202231526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2021995484828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08311986923217773}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements &amp;amp; Networking (M&amp;amp;N)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1954351671","https://openalex.org/W2018543755","https://openalex.org/W2029468290","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128730550","https://openalex.org/W2135003805","https://openalex.org/W2218442732","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2744546119","https://openalex.org/W2760889471","https://openalex.org/W2766656871","https://openalex.org/W2807461112","https://openalex.org/W2891431198","https://openalex.org/W2911643182","https://openalex.org/W2918553796","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3129311377","https://openalex.org/W3144863942","https://openalex.org/W3161355088","https://openalex.org/W3202366834","https://openalex.org/W4200261490","https://openalex.org/W4205556338","https://openalex.org/W4206924570","https://openalex.org/W4210315646","https://openalex.org/W4214824812","https://openalex.org/W4225280370","https://openalex.org/W4293157623","https://openalex.org/W4296910903","https://openalex.org/W4311873241","https://openalex.org/W4312396533","https://openalex.org/W4316661596","https://openalex.org/W4317734490","https://openalex.org/W4321789669","https://openalex.org/W4361008112","https://openalex.org/W4363672396","https://openalex.org/W4376254044","https://openalex.org/W4377293052","https://openalex.org/W4380271716","https://openalex.org/W4382885030","https://openalex.org/W4389314308","https://openalex.org/W4400208733","https://openalex.org/W4402968364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2212288070","https://openalex.org/W2056065966","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Planning":[0],"fifth":[1],"generation":[2,19],"(5G)":[3],"networks":[4],"is":[5,173],"expected":[6],"to":[7,12,38,80,104,107,122,130,219],"be":[8,105,131,216,239],"very":[9,133,217,240],"challenging":[10],"due":[11,79],"the":[13,23,44,66,71,81,112,137,144,184,229,235],"main":[14],"innovations":[15],"introduced":[16],"by":[17,57],"new":[18],"systems.":[20,244],"In":[21,175],"fact,":[22],"use":[24],"of":[25,84,111,139,149,152,170,186,231,234],"millimeter":[26,74],"wave":[27],"spectrum,":[28],"massive":[29],"MIMO,":[30],"beamforming":[31],"and":[32,60,76,96,154,199,208],"beam":[33],"steering":[34],"techniques":[35],"certainly":[36],"lead":[37],"different":[39,82,197],"propagations":[40],"scenarios,":[41,167],"in":[42,136,165],"which":[43],"surrounding":[45],"environment":[46],"can":[47,118,215,238],"have":[48,89,103,193],"a":[49,132,147,158,180],"significant":[50],"impact":[51],"on":[52,62,196,205,224],"electric":[53],"field":[54],"levels":[55,151],"generated":[56,90],"5G":[58,116,140,166,210,243],"antennas":[59,102],"thus":[61],"radio":[63],"coverage.":[64],"Moreover,":[65],"frequencies":[67],"involved":[68],"completely":[69],"change":[70],"interaction":[72],"between":[73],"waves":[75],"human":[77,120,155],"tissue,":[78],"depth":[83],"penetration.":[85],"All":[86],"these":[87],"aspects":[88],"several":[91],"questions":[92],"from":[93],"both":[94,150,206],"operators":[95],"population":[97],"such":[98],"as:":[99],"how":[100,115],"many":[101],"installed":[106],"ensure":[108],"good":[109,159],"coverage":[110,153],"signal":[113],"or":[114],"technologies":[117],"affect":[119],"exposure":[121],"electromagnetic":[123],"fields":[124],"(EMF).":[125],"Ray":[126],"tracing":[127,188,226],"tools":[128,192,222],"seems":[129],"promising":[134],"solution":[135],"design":[138],"networks,":[141],"giving":[142],"at":[143],"same":[145],"time":[146],"prediction":[148],"exposure,":[156],"with":[157],"accuracy.":[160],"However,":[161],"before":[162],"using":[163],"them":[164],"an":[168],"assessment":[169,185],"their":[171,200],"results":[172],"necessary.":[174],"this":[176],"work":[177],"we":[178],"present":[179],"systematic":[181],"approach":[182],"for":[183,242],"ray":[187,225],"tools.":[189],"Two":[190],"proprietary":[191],"been":[194,203],"tested":[195],"scenarios":[198],"reliability":[201],"has":[202],"proved":[204],"FR1":[207],"FR2":[209],"band.":[211],"The":[212],"proposed":[213],"method":[214],"useful":[218],"assess":[220],"other":[221],"based":[223],"technique,":[227],"without":[228],"need":[230],"onsite":[232],"measurements":[233],"signal,":[236],"that":[237],"difficult":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
