{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401360968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554","title":"Empirical Analysis of the IOTA Tangle Ledger in the Stardust Stage","display_name":"Empirical Analysis of the IOTA Tangle Ledger in the Stardust Stage","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401360968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094198380","display_name":"Pierre Sedi Nzakuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1799-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Sedi Nzakuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Industrial Engineering,Fisciano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Industrial Engineering,Fisciano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077842218","display_name":"Vincenzo Paciello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-1741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Paciello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Industrial Engineering,Fisciano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Industrial Engineering,Fisciano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021330369","display_name":"A. Lay-Ekuakille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1762-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096856","display_name":"Innovation Engineering (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxjp357","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aim\u00e9 Lay-Ekuakille","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salento,Department of Engineering for Innovation,Lecce,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salento,Department of Engineering for Innovation,Lecce,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856","https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016716009","display_name":"Angelo Kuti Lusala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34942010","display_name":"University of Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrz2q74","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Kuti Lusala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,DR Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kinshasa,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kinshasa,DR Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061329809","display_name":"Salvatore Dello Iacono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3749-0360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Dello Iacono","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93317883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14155","display_name":"Advanced Technology in Applications","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.7429999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangle","display_name":"Tangle","score":0.8043068647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.6465641260147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.6216355562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.483476459980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40288597345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27341747283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19292643666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.18251031637191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.17834606766700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14283746480941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11323997378349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.06741493940353394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177738377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7683003","display_name":"Tangle","level":2,"score":0.8043068647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.6465641260147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.6216355562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.483476459980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40288597345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27341747283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19292643666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.18251031637191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.17834606766700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14283746480941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11323997378349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.06741493940353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mn60932.2024.10615554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/628405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/628405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029410543","https://openalex.org/W3123796990","https://openalex.org/W3214772811","https://openalex.org/W4206771767","https://openalex.org/W4290467239","https://openalex.org/W4386362911","https://openalex.org/W4388646137","https://openalex.org/W4389562628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226088185","https://openalex.org/W3005980542","https://openalex.org/W2810405473","https://openalex.org/W2979776202","https://openalex.org/W2949445060","https://openalex.org/W4298013519","https://openalex.org/W2800938687","https://openalex.org/W3135632358","https://openalex.org/W3177205310","https://openalex.org/W4287703679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IOTA":[0,123],"is":[1,135,146,164],"a":[2,31,108],"Distributed":[3],"Ledger":[4],"Technology":[5],"(DLT)":[6],"designed":[7],"for":[8,20],"the":[9,28,47,57,61,64,92,95,112,115,130,140,144,165,171,174,178,187,190],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,49,53,63,72,94,111,132,173,189],"Things":[12],"(IoT),":[13],"featuring":[14],"feeless":[15],"transactions":[16],"and":[17,59,143,156,192],"data-only":[18],"blocks":[19,134],"information":[21],"sharing":[22],"between":[23],"IoT":[24,50,160],"devices.":[25,161],"Its":[26],"ledger,":[27],"Tangle,":[29],"adopts":[30],"Directed":[32],"Acyclic":[33],"Graph":[34],"structure":[35],"(DAG)":[36],"that":[37,129],"enables":[38],"it":[39],"to":[40,80,154,167,185,194],"scale":[41],"while":[42],"keeping":[43],"secure,":[44],"fitting":[45],"with":[46],"needs":[48],"growth.":[51],"Most":[52],"literature":[54],"work":[55],"address":[56],"behavior":[58],"asses":[60],"performance":[62],"Tangle":[65,96,113,145,176],"by":[66,122],"using":[67,102,118],"simulated":[68],"data,":[69],"only":[70],"few":[71],"them":[73],"are":[74,128,182],"based":[75],"on":[76,91,170],"empirical":[77,103],"dataset.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"our":[81],"best":[82],"knowledge,":[83],"no":[84],"research":[85],"has":[86],"been":[87],"previously":[88],"carried":[89],"out":[90],"evolution":[93,188],"at":[97,114],"its":[98,152,195],"current":[99],"Stardust":[100,116,141,179],"stage":[101,117],"data.":[104],"Our":[105,125,162],"study":[106,163],"conducts":[107],"comprehensive":[109],"analysis":[110],"real":[119,175],"data":[120,158],"provided":[121],"Foundation.":[124],"key":[126],"findings":[127],"confirmation":[131],"new":[133],"two":[136],"times":[137],"faster":[138],"in":[139,177,197],"stage,":[142,180],"currently":[147],"being":[148],"used":[149],"far":[150],"below":[151],"capacity":[153],"carry":[155],"secure":[157],"from":[159],"first":[166],"shed":[168],"light":[169],"characteristics":[172],"which":[181],"particularly":[183],"useful":[184],"understand":[186],"ledger":[191],"contribute":[193],"improvements":[196],"future":[198],"upgrades.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}