{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021076083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","title":"Block-based codebook model with oriented-gradient feature for real-time foreground detection","display_name":"Block-based codebook model with oriented-gradient feature for real-time foreground detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021076083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","mag":"2021076083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111646694","display_name":"Jiu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems, Waseda University, Japan","Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems, Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759345","display_name":"Ning Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-7996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems Waseda University, Japan","Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101825973","display_name":"Satoshi Goto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-048X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Goto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems Waseda University, Japan","Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Production, and Systems Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9901600480079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.8034752607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7560741305351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7156807780265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7148872017860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6910874843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.609893798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5790449976921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5470966696739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linde\u2013buzo\u2013gray-algorithm","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","score":0.4873379170894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.468847393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.44149428606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42883408069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.4102012813091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3758872151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15771162509918213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9901600480079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8034752607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7560741305351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7156807780265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7148872017860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6910874843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.609893798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5790449976921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5470966696739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4873379170894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.468847393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.44149428606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42883408069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.4102012813091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3758872151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15771162509918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2011.6093830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W396735907","https://openalex.org/W1839765287","https://openalex.org/W2006513420","https://openalex.org/W2035866593","https://openalex.org/W2046356300","https://openalex.org/W2096309046","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2133161883","https://openalex.org/W2143291860","https://openalex.org/W2145517081","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152565110","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W2168787613","https://openalex.org/W2430607491","https://openalex.org/W6680937976","https://openalex.org/W6718139592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096936443","https://openalex.org/W2081863301","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W2365109233","https://openalex.org/W145510127","https://openalex.org/W2374856816","https://openalex.org/W1977098967","https://openalex.org/W2378932494","https://openalex.org/W2352292447","https://openalex.org/W2391875658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"is":[6],"proposed":[7],"to":[8,30],"achieve":[9],"the":[10,26,36,46,61,66,69,80,107],"foreground":[11,56,94],"objects":[12],"detection":[13],"in":[14],"video":[15],"surveillance":[16],"system":[17],"using":[18],"codebook":[19,28,70,109],"method.":[20],"The":[21,83],"block-based":[22],"background":[23],"model":[24,29,53,71],"upgrades":[25],"pixel-based":[27],"block":[31,67],"level":[32],"which":[33],"can":[34,86],"utilize":[35],"dependency":[37],"and":[38,49,55,63,90,110],"find":[39],"relationships":[40],"between":[41],"neighbouring":[42],"pixels,":[43],"thus":[44],"improving":[45],"processing":[47],"speed":[48],"reducing":[50],"memory":[51],"during":[52],"construction":[54],"detection.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"by":[59],"adding":[60],"orientation":[62],"magnitude":[64],"of":[65,76],"gradient,":[68],"contains":[72],"not":[73],"only":[74],"information":[75,85],"color,":[77],"but":[78],"also":[79],"texture":[81,84],"feature.":[82],"further":[87],"reduce":[88],"noises":[89],"refine":[91],"more":[92],"entire":[93],"regions.":[95],"Experimental":[96],"results":[97],"prove":[98],"that":[99],"our":[100],"method":[101],"has":[102],"better":[103],"performance":[104],"compared":[105],"with":[106],"standard":[108],"some":[111],"other":[112],"former":[113],"algorithms.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}