{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126444973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","title":"Conservation of effort in feature selection for image annotation","display_name":"Conservation of effort in feature selection for image annotation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126444973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","mag":"2126444973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022651146","display_name":"Suzanne Little","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK","Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112279721","display_name":"Stefan R\u00fcger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Ruger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK","Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022651146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83021366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.790963888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7571718692779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.7237964868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6966935396194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.645031213760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5790731310844421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5707799792289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5706362724304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5280067920684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5214673280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.488383948802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4683137834072113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.46289435029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4417800307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42866450548171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41765904426574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1303601861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08418723940849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06397491693496704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.790963888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7571718692779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.7237964868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6966935396194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.645031213760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5790731310844421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5707799792289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5706362724304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5280067920684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5214673280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.488383948802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4683137834072113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.46289435029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4417800307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42866450548171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41765904426574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1303601861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08418723940849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06397491693496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2009.5293290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:23245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487335190","https://openalex.org/W1495177430","https://openalex.org/W1608746036","https://openalex.org/W1666447063","https://openalex.org/W1877469910","https://openalex.org/W1987984266","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2031476339","https://openalex.org/W2037935179","https://openalex.org/W2070548168","https://openalex.org/W2096854571","https://openalex.org/W2111993661","https://openalex.org/W2123625665","https://openalex.org/W2127711253","https://openalex.org/W2130660124","https://openalex.org/W2137918516","https://openalex.org/W2143385006","https://openalex.org/W2156336347","https://openalex.org/W2156374058","https://openalex.org/W2283195891","https://openalex.org/W6636468272","https://openalex.org/W6637249095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566406229","https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W2119028572","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2152482390","https://openalex.org/W2365617273","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2506386910","https://openalex.org/W2117928543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3,48,78],"evaluation":[4],"of":[5,8,10,15,39,70,89,101,125,147],"a":[6,19,37,86,97],"number":[7,100],"subsets":[9,151],"features":[11,74,91,126],"for":[12,109,117,127],"the":[13,32,54,64,68,118,134,138,145,148,164],"purpose":[14],"image":[16,80,128],"annotation":[17,81,119,129],"using":[18],"non-parametric":[20],"density":[21],"estimation":[22],"algorithm":[23],"(described":[24],"in).":[25],"By":[26],"applying":[27],"some":[28,159],"general":[29,160],"recommendations":[30,161],"from":[31,58,163],"literature":[33],"and":[34,44,96,122,157],"through":[35],"evaluating":[36],"range":[38],"low-level":[40,73],"visual":[41,71],"feature":[42,111,150],"configurations":[43],"subsets,":[45],"we":[46],"achieve":[47,133],"improvement":[49],"in":[50,112,152],"performance,":[51],"measured":[52],"by":[53],"mean":[55],"average":[56],"precision,":[57],"0.2861":[59],"to":[60,114,132],"0.3800.":[61],"We":[62,143],"demonstrate":[63],"significant":[65],"impact":[66],"that":[67,92,103],"choice":[69],"or":[72,107],"can":[75,104],"have":[76],"on":[77],"automatic":[79],"system.":[82],"There":[83],"is":[84,130],"often":[85],"large":[87,99],"set":[88],"possible":[90],"may":[93],"be":[94,105],"used":[95],"corresponding":[98],"variables":[102],"configured":[106],"tuned":[108],"each":[110],"addition":[113],"other":[115],"options":[116],"approach.":[120],"Judicious":[121],"effective":[123],"selection":[124],"required":[131],"best":[135],"performance":[136,146],"with":[137,154],"least":[139],"user":[140],"design":[141],"effort.":[142],"discuss":[144],"chosen":[149],"comparison":[153],"previous":[155],"results":[156],"propose":[158],"observed":[162],"work":[165],"so":[166],"far.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}