{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100804372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","title":"Investigating speech features and automatic measurement of cognitive load","display_name":"Investigating speech features and automatic measurement of cognitive load","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100804372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","mag":"2100804372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE 10th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727286","display_name":"Bo Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-0174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056957877","display_name":"Natalie Ruiz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400043","display_name":"Fang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-8729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028116210","display_name":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77812995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"988","last_page":"993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8073498606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.7675292491912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7055094838142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6558011174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.5711637735366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5481253266334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5263988971710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5139457583427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-effect","display_name":"Stroop effect","score":0.4762946665287018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4564438462257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41049525141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3720971345901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3492489755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07271528244018555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8073498606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.7675292491912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7055094838142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6558011174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.5711637735366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5481253266334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5263988971710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5139457583427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162967406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384176","display_name":"Stroop effect","level":3,"score":0.4762946665287018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4564438462257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41049525141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3720971345901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3492489755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07271528244018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2008.4665218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE 10th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490504384","https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1566850435","https://openalex.org/W1567205956","https://openalex.org/W1583053084","https://openalex.org/W1781978087","https://openalex.org/W1980877068","https://openalex.org/W2040646018","https://openalex.org/W2043745365","https://openalex.org/W2050693797","https://openalex.org/W2094998507","https://openalex.org/W2100546383","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2127544007","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2160511961","https://openalex.org/W2165956633","https://openalex.org/W2168386998","https://openalex.org/W2397634864","https://openalex.org/W4233246911","https://openalex.org/W4302458905","https://openalex.org/W6633874244","https://openalex.org/W6633930718","https://openalex.org/W6845844910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048014685","https://openalex.org/W3009295899","https://openalex.org/W2370972896","https://openalex.org/W2384997297","https://openalex.org/W4317383455","https://openalex.org/W2548511587","https://openalex.org/W4293232884","https://openalex.org/W2422472940","https://openalex.org/W2019475500","https://openalex.org/W2548162870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123],"ability":[1],"to":[2,42,65,74,142],"measure":[3],"cognitive":[4,39,66],"load":[5,40],"level":[6],"in":[7,29],"real":[8],"time":[9],"is":[10,34,63],"extremely":[11],"useful":[12],"for":[13,37],"improving":[14],"the":[15,55,128,136],"efficiency":[16],"of":[17,48,57,79,138],"interfaces":[18,24],"and":[19,25,46,60,90,100,105,120,134,144],"contents":[20,26],"delivering,":[21],"especially":[22],"when":[23],"get":[27],"complex":[28],"a":[30,91,106],"multimedia":[31],"environment.":[32],"Speech":[33],"highly":[35],"suitable":[36],"measuring":[38],"due":[41],"its":[43],"non-intrusive":[44],"nature":[45],"ease":[47],"collection.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"investigated":[54,97],"patterns":[56,78],"prosodic":[58],"features":[59],"confirmed":[61],"it":[62],"relevant":[64,77],"load.":[67],"We":[68],"also":[69],"explored":[70],"varied":[71],"classification":[72,141],"techniques":[73],"capture":[75],"those":[76],"speech":[80],"features.":[81,102],"Gaussian":[82],"Mixture":[83],"Model":[84],"(GMM),":[85],"Support":[86],"Vector":[87],"Machine":[88],"(SVM),":[89],"hybrid":[92],"SVM-GMM":[93,124],"based":[94,108,125],"classifiers":[95],"were":[96,110],"with":[98],"MFCC":[99],"pitch":[101],"Individual":[103],"systems":[104],"fusion":[107],"system":[109,126],"evaluated":[111],"on":[112,131],"two":[113],"different":[114],"task":[115],"scenarios":[116],"-":[117],"reading":[118],"comprehension":[119],"Stroop":[121],"test.":[122],"achieved":[127],"highest":[129],"performance":[130],"both":[132],"tasks":[133],"improved":[135],"accuracy":[137],"three":[139],"levels":[140],"75.6%":[143],"82.2%,":[145],"respectively.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}