{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297686545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320","title":"Modelling and Simulation of an Autonomous Vehicle Ethical Steering Control System (ESCS)","display_name":"Modelling and Simulation of an Autonomous Vehicle Ethical Steering Control System (ESCS)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297686545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069547106","display_name":"Joshua D\u2019Souza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","display_name":"Coventry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgmhj36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua D'Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University,Coventry,UK","School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University,Coventry,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106792854","display_name":"Keith J. Burnham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith J. Burnham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wolverhampton,Faculity of Science and Engineering,Wolverhampton,UK","Faculity of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wolverhampton,Faculity of Science and Engineering,Wolverhampton,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculity of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064587582","display_name":"James E. Pickering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-599X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","display_name":"Coventry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgmhj36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James E. Pickering","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University,Coventry,UK","School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University,Coventry,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069547106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83152821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"76","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.940500020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9244999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5999745726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5827368497848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.5195786952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5104190707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.46971267461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4232466220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38469067215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3662137985229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27165722846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12990152835845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10751885175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10304495692253113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5999745726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5827368497848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.5195786952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5104190707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46971267461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4232466220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38469067215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3662137985229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27165722846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12990152835845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10751885175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10304495692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2e67c551-73da-482b-95af-4caae7d12f56","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139048567&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402411","display_name":"Pure (Coventry University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","host_organization_name":"Coventry University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"D'Souza, J, Burnham, K J & Pickering, J E 2022, Modelling and Simulation of an Autonomous Vehicle Ethical Steering Control System (ESCS). in 2022 26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics, MMAR 2022 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 76-80, 26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics, MMAR 2022, Virtual, Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 22/08/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMAR55195.2022.9874320","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070442552","https://openalex.org/W2466381818","https://openalex.org/W2898886607","https://openalex.org/W2972858338","https://openalex.org/W3092105031","https://openalex.org/W3120411106","https://openalex.org/W3139380691","https://openalex.org/W6668189464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789522126","https://openalex.org/W2066693961","https://openalex.org/W2368363778","https://openalex.org/W122584421","https://openalex.org/W4244295168","https://openalex.org/W2753351751","https://openalex.org/W3185180338","https://openalex.org/W2889348933","https://openalex.org/W2351643838","https://openalex.org/W2897178038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"uses":[2],"modelling":[3],"and":[4,30,68],"simulation":[5],"tools":[6],"to":[7,36,44],"investigate":[8],"a":[9,40],"vehicle":[10],"ethical":[11,32,85],"steering":[12,62,94],"control":[13,64,70],"system":[14],"(ESCS)":[15],"for":[16],"autonomous":[17],"vehicles":[18],"(AVs).":[19],"The":[20,47],"ESCS":[21,48],"would":[22],"be":[23,45],"activated":[24],"when":[25],"unavoidable":[26],"collisions":[27],"are":[28],"detected":[29],"an":[31,60],"decision":[33],"in":[34,75],"regard":[35],"the":[37,66,76,81,83,90,96],"selection":[38],"of":[39,65,71,80,89,98],"collision":[41],"target":[42],"needs":[43],"made.":[46],"involves":[49],"three":[50],"stages":[51],"with":[52],"these":[53],"being;":[54],"kinematic":[55],"bicycle":[56],"model":[57,59],"(to":[58],"AV),":[61],"angle":[63],"AV":[67],"velocity":[69],"all":[72],"AVs":[73],"involved":[74],"collision.":[77],"In":[78],"terms":[79],"ESCS,":[82],"primary":[84],"approach":[86],"is":[87],"that":[88],"utilitarian":[91],"philosophy,":[92],"i.e.,":[93],"into":[95],"path":[97],"least":[99],"injury":[100],"severity.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}