{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376466762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2023.3275139","title":"Architectural CO<sub>2</sub> Footprint Tool: Designing Sustainable Computer Systems With an Architectural Carbon Modeling Tool","display_name":"Architectural CO<sub>2</sub> Footprint Tool: Designing Sustainable Computer Systems With an Architectural Carbon Modeling Tool","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376466762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2023.3275139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2023.3275139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2023.3275139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035704218","display_name":"Udit Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-0961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800425949","display_name":"Theodore Roosevelt High School","ror":"https://ror.org/02xkgba40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800425949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udit Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Tech, Roosevelt Island, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-0961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Tech, Roosevelt Island, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800425949","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042200137","display_name":"Mariam Elgamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0002-3926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Elgamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003214642","display_name":"Gage Hills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gage Hills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043327132","display_name":"Gu-Yeon Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-9904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu-Yeon Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072539515","display_name":"Hsien-Hsin S. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsien-Hsin S. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026496503","display_name":"David Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028220093","display_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7239"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74872626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"107","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9433000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"Carbon footprint","score":0.915552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7297430634498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.6403918862342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6075053811073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-footprint","display_name":"Ecological footprint","score":0.5924646854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.5776424407958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-design","display_name":"Sustainable design","score":0.4873422086238861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.43063482642173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.26878732442855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11481982469558716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.915552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7297430634498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.6403918862342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6075053811073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83516724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234173","display_name":"Ecological footprint","level":3,"score":0.5924646854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5776424407958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121217528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523256","display_name":"Sustainable design","level":3,"score":0.4873422086238861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.43063482642173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.26878732442855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11481982469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2023.3275139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2023.3275139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062191817","https://openalex.org/W2075863084","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W3139076594","https://openalex.org/W3157218387","https://openalex.org/W3190062760","https://openalex.org/W3208860256","https://openalex.org/W4234908682","https://openalex.org/W4281971810","https://openalex.org/W6803154024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104369155","https://openalex.org/W2162390224","https://openalex.org/W4389988448","https://openalex.org/W2238629651","https://openalex.org/W2906815486","https://openalex.org/W3194278000","https://openalex.org/W2351332762","https://openalex.org/W4366179056","https://openalex.org/W2883844485","https://openalex.org/W2897298371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,8,15,18,45,62,71,122],"performance":[2,113,137],"and":[3,11,41,60,91,114,129,138],"efficiency":[4,139],"optimizations":[5],"realized":[6],"by":[7],"computer":[9],"systems":[10],"architecture":[12],"community":[13],"over":[14],"last":[16],"decades,":[17],"dominating":[19],"source":[20],"of":[21,54,66,125],"computing\u2019s":[22],"carbon":[23,64,83,89,105],"footprint":[24,65,84],"is":[25,50],"shifting":[26],"from":[27],"operational":[28],"emissions":[29,35],"to":[30,38,58,87,110],"embodied":[31,34,47],"emissions.":[32],"These":[33],"are":[36],"attributable":[37],"hardware":[39,103],"manufacturing":[40],"infrastructure-related":[42],"activities.":[43],"Despite":[44],"rising":[46],"emissions,":[48],"there":[49],"a":[51],"distinct":[52,107],"lack":[53],"architectural":[55,82],"modeling":[56,85],"tools":[57],"quantify":[59],"optimize":[61],"end-to-end":[63],"computing.":[67],"This":[68],"work":[69],"proposes":[70],"Architectural":[72],"CO":[73],"<sub":[74],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[76],"Footprint":[77],"Tool":[78],"(ACT),":[79],"<":[80],"an":[81,142],"framework,":[86],"enable":[88,135],"characterization":[90],"sustainability-driven":[92],"early":[93],"design":[94],"space":[95],"exploration.":[96],"Using":[97],"ACT,":[98],"we":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101,134],"optimizing":[102,111],"for":[104,112],"yields":[106],"solutions":[108],"compared":[109],"efficiency.":[115],"We":[116],"construct":[117],"use":[118],"cases":[119],"based":[120],"on":[121],"three":[123],"tenets":[124],"sustainable":[126,144],"design\u2014reduce,":[127],"reuse,":[128],"recycle\u2014to":[130],"highlight":[131],"future":[132],"methods":[133],"strong":[136],"scaling":[140],"in":[141],"environmentally":[143],"manner.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}