{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164754849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","title":"The Next Security Frontier: Taking the Mystery Out of the Supply Chain","display_name":"The Next Security Frontier: Taking the Mystery Out of the Supply Chain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164754849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","mag":"3164754849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/40/9440735/09441024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/40/9440735/09441024.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103226334","display_name":"Michael Mattioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40713646","display_name":"Goldman Sachs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/031rnv444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40713646"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mattioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goldman Sachs &#x0026; Co., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-5390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goldman Sachs &#x0026; Co., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40713646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018366582","display_name":"Tom Garrison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Garrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110461740","display_name":"B. Patel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiju V. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08575802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"103","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.6988000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/original-equipment-manufacturer","display_name":"Original equipment manufacturer","score":0.8010395169258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.7926541566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7175701856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7028255462646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.674059271812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier","display_name":"Frontier","score":0.5285485982894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4543359875679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34491777420043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.3380718231201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2467988133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12498241662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08153602480888367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68694590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267558","display_name":"Original equipment manufacturer","level":2,"score":0.8010395169258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.7926541566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7175701856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7028255462646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.674059271812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.5285485982894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4543359875679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34491777420043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3380718231201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2467988133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12498241662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08153602480888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/40/9440735/09441024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3072174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/40/9440735/09441024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164754849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164754849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088606767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949536330","https://openalex.org/W4226099950","https://openalex.org/W2125856283","https://openalex.org/W2347401120","https://openalex.org/W2041961361","https://openalex.org/W2310010941","https://openalex.org/W579144800","https://openalex.org/W2334292868","https://openalex.org/W4213224946","https://openalex.org/W3199430700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"modern":[1],"technology":[2,50],"supply":[3],"chain":[4],"is":[5,22,78],"highly":[6,79],"complex.":[7],"Throughout":[8],"the":[9,60,82],"various":[10],"stages":[11],"of":[12,35,41,46,70,84],"design,":[13],"manufacture,":[14],"assembly,":[15],"transport,":[16],"and":[17,33,57,68,94],"operation,":[18],"a":[19,39],"compute":[20,36],"device":[21,91],"subject":[23],"to":[24,38,54],"tampering":[25],"(malicious":[26],"or":[27,73],"otherwise).":[28],"This":[29],"exposes":[30],"end":[31],"users":[32],"consumers":[34],"devices":[37],"variety":[40],"risks":[42],"at":[43],"varying":[44],"levels":[45],"impact.":[47],"Two":[48],"potential":[49],"solutions,":[51],"which":[52],"aim":[53],"provide":[55],"transparency":[56],"insight":[58],"into":[59],"systems":[61],"in":[62],"use,":[63],"are":[64],"proposed.":[65],"success":[67],"adoption":[69],"these":[71],"choices,":[72],"any":[74],"other":[75],"solutions":[76],"developed,":[77],"dependent":[80],"on":[81],"participation":[83],"ecosystem":[85],"partners":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"foundries,":[89],"original":[90,95],"manufacturers":[92,97],"(ODMs),":[93],"equipment":[96],"(OEMs).":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
