{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4252493422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2019.2910012","title":"Composable Building Blocks to Open Up Processor Design","display_name":"Composable Building Blocks to Open Up Processor Design","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4252493422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2019.2910012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2019.2910012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2019.2910012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017975873","display_name":"Sizhuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-4510"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049281974","display_name":"Andrew Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-8143"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031573662","display_name":"Thomas Bourgeat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-8409"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bourgeat","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76487718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"47","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8614903688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composability","display_name":"Composability","score":0.8119713068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomicity","display_name":"Atomicity","score":0.7730152606964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6672878265380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.598850667476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4939005970954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4396508038043976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4345702528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-meter-prover","display_name":"Gas meter prover","score":0.4243803024291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4050821363925934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3573097586631775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8614903688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778814252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156715","display_name":"Composability","level":2,"score":0.8119713068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306359","display_name":"Atomicity","level":3,"score":0.7730152606964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6672878265380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.598850667476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4939005970954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4396508038043976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4345702528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.4243803024291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4050821363925934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3573097586631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2019.2910012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2019.2910012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4046196548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-16-2-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6432411175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001118C0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987003477","https://openalex.org/W2739250441","https://openalex.org/W2803529289","https://openalex.org/W2904603148","https://openalex.org/W3099115520","https://openalex.org/W3105420307","https://openalex.org/W4245425914","https://openalex.org/W4250169475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591836442","https://openalex.org/W2357517130","https://openalex.org/W1990697576","https://openalex.org/W1520405624","https://openalex.org/W1582361381","https://openalex.org/W2001866549","https://openalex.org/W1600422503","https://openalex.org/W2115269980","https://openalex.org/W4303183859","https://openalex.org/W2914992480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"this":[1,135],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5],"framework":[6,136],"called":[7,81],"Composable":[8],"Modular":[9],"Design":[10],"(CMD)":[11],"to":[12,34],"facilitate":[13],"the":[14,22,35,39,76,80,102,144],"design":[15],"of":[16,25,68,78,89,104,146],"out-of-order":[17,109],"processors.":[18],"CMD,":[20],"1)":[21],"interface":[23,43,66],"methods":[24,67],"modules":[26,58,82,96],"provide":[27],"instantaneous":[28],"access":[29],"and":[30,56,127,141],"perform":[31],"atomic":[32,62],"updates":[33,75],"state":[36,77],"elements":[37],"inside":[38],"module;":[40],"2)":[41],"every":[42],"method":[44],"is":[45,54],"guarded,":[46],"i.e.,":[47],"it":[48,53],"cannot":[49],"be":[50,125],"applied":[51],"unless":[52],"ready;":[55],"3)":[57],"are":[59,97],"composed":[60],"by":[61,106,129],"rules":[63],"which":[64,112],"call":[65],"different":[69],"modules.":[70],"A":[71],"rule":[72],"either":[73],"successfully":[74],"all":[79],"or":[83],"does":[84],"nothing.":[85],"The":[86],"atomicity":[87],"properties":[88],"interfaces":[90],"in":[91],"CMD":[92,105,118],"ensure":[93],"composability":[94],"when":[95],"refined":[98,128],"selectively.":[99],"We":[100,132],"show":[101],"efficacy":[103],"building":[107],"an":[108],"RISC-V":[110],"processor":[111],"boots":[113],"Linux.":[114],"Modules":[115],"designed":[116],"using":[117],"(e.g.,":[119],"ROB,":[120],"load-store":[121],"unit,":[122],"etc.)":[123],"can":[124,137],"used":[126],"other":[130],"implementations.":[131],"believe":[133],"that":[134],"revolutionize":[138],"architectural":[139],"research":[140],"practice":[142],"as":[143],"library":[145],"reusable":[147],"components":[148],"grows.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}