{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894006184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","title":"DNPU: An Energy-Efficient Deep-Learning Processor with Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architecture","display_name":"DNPU: An Energy-Efficient Deep-Learning Processor with Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architecture","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894006184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","mag":"2894006184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102906657","display_name":"Dongjoo Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-0560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongjoo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062063498","display_name":"Jinmook Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinmook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004602106","display_name":"Jinsu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-029X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010104451","display_name":"Juhyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-1024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102906657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93952953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"85","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8820021748542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.586590588092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5726476311683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5489453077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5327081084251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.49493664503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4597473740577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4437256455421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4182014465332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38802340626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38471710681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3382118344306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3238790035247803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8820021748542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.586590588092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5726476311683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5489453077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5327081084251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.49493664503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4597473740577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4437256455421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4182014465332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38802340626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38471710681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3382118344306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3238790035247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2018.053631145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Micro","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2095727900","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2594492285","https://openalex.org/W2594836184","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963893493","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639657675","https://openalex.org/W6640617836","https://openalex.org/W6717256623","https://openalex.org/W6734592959","https://openalex.org/W6734817953","https://openalex.org/W6735008196","https://openalex.org/W6736288088","https://openalex.org/W6764273044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W2488897859","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W3011074480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"energy-efficient":[1],"deep-learning":[2],"processor":[3],"called":[4],"DNPU":[5,25],"is":[6,66,81],"proposed":[7,67,82],"for":[8],"the":[9,55],"embedded":[10],"processing":[11,49],"of":[12,57],"convolutional":[13],"neural":[14,19],"networks":[15,20],"(CNNs)":[16],"and":[17,38,48,75],"recurrent":[18],"(RNNs)":[21],"in":[22,35,73,87],"mobile":[23],"platforms.":[24],"uses":[26],"a":[27,43,61,76],"heterogeneous":[28],"multi-core":[29],"architecture":[30],"to":[31,68,83],"maximize":[32],"energy":[33],"efficiency":[34],"both":[36],"CNNs":[37],"RNNs.":[39,88],"In":[40],"each":[41,58],"core,":[42],"memory":[44,71],"architecture,":[45],"data":[46],"paths,":[47],"elements":[50],"are":[51],"optimized":[52],"depending":[53],"on":[54],"characteristics":[56],"network.":[59],"Also,":[60],"mixed":[62],"workload":[63],"division":[64],"method":[65],"minimize":[69],"off-chip":[70],"access":[72],"CNNs,":[74],"quantization":[77],"table-based":[78],"matrix":[79],"multiplier":[80],"remove":[84],"duplicated":[85],"multiplications":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}