{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387869783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955","title":"Spatial Encoding of EEG Brain Wave Signals to Predict Student\u2019s Mental State During E-Learning","display_name":"Spatial Encoding of EEG Brain Wave Signals to Predict Student\u2019s Mental State During E-Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387869783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 33rd International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113029537","display_name":"Sai Krishna Kopparapu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai Krishna Kopparapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014650028","display_name":"Debanjali Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-4705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debanjali Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014371833","display_name":"Neelam Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neelam Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113029537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73384065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9187999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7904011011123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6878064870834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-waves","display_name":"Brain waves","score":0.6456292867660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5940815210342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-state","display_name":"Mental state","score":0.5854592323303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43460261821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4016188383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.372846782207489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.321793794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.2917163074016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2888473868370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.17176619172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0965050458908081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7904011011123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6878064870834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986798296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60442","display_name":"Brain waves","level":3,"score":0.6456292867660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5940815210342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3968640","display_name":"Mental state","level":2,"score":0.5854592323303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43460261821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4016188383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.372846782207489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.321793794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2917163074016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2888473868370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.17176619172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0965050458908081}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mlsp55844.2023.10285955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 33rd International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983839088","https://openalex.org/W2101713460","https://openalex.org/W2405145519","https://openalex.org/W2744669597","https://openalex.org/W2747780745","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2963382997","https://openalex.org/W2997654184","https://openalex.org/W3003516066","https://openalex.org/W3012209782","https://openalex.org/W3093478721","https://openalex.org/W3095497689","https://openalex.org/W3157838865","https://openalex.org/W4296569565","https://openalex.org/W4316041916","https://openalex.org/W4322622387","https://openalex.org/W6675357634","https://openalex.org/W6754284566","https://openalex.org/W6848668882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W2229901666","https://openalex.org/W3036112192","https://openalex.org/W4378218795","https://openalex.org/W2314032432","https://openalex.org/W2756284147","https://openalex.org/W4382248939","https://openalex.org/W2068800413","https://openalex.org/W2079464302","https://openalex.org/W2938904740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1],"study":[2],"aims":[3],"in":[4,87],"investigating":[5],"the":[6,17,57],"feasibility":[7],"of":[8,23,31,46,92,102,136],"EEG":[9,32,47,52,126,142],"brain":[10,33,48,53],"wave":[11,54,127],"data":[12,80],"to":[13,42,98],"automatically":[14],"infer":[15],"about":[16],"mental":[18,75],"states":[19],"(\u2019confused\u2019":[20],"or":[21],"\u2019non-confused\u2019)":[22],"students":[24],"while":[25],"watching":[26],"MOOC":[27],"videos.":[28],"Spatial":[29],"encoding":[30],"waves":[34],"is":[35,96,108,113],"performed":[36],"using":[37,64,78,110],"Gramian":[38],"angular":[39],"field":[40],"(GAF)":[41],"obtain":[43],"2D":[44,125],"representation":[45],"wave.":[49],"Both":[50],"1D":[51,123],"signals":[55],"and":[56,68,94,119,124,139],"corresponding":[58],"GAF":[59,101,135],"are":[60],"utilized":[61],"for":[62,74],"classification":[63,77,106],"different":[65],"machine":[66],"learning":[67,70],"deep":[69],"models.":[71],"Video-independent":[72],"analysis":[73,121],"state":[76],"raw":[79],"yields":[81],"69%":[82],"accuracy":[83,91,107],"with":[84],"BLSTM.":[85],"However,":[86],"video-specific":[88,120],"analysis,":[89],"mean":[90],"LSTM":[93],"BLSTM":[95],"increased":[97],"94%.":[99],"Using":[100],"Delta":[103,137],"wave,":[104],"83%":[105],"obtained":[109],"CNN.":[111],"It":[112],"seen":[114],"that":[115],"both":[116],"video":[117],"independent":[118],"on":[122],"features":[128],"outperform":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"studies":[131],"by":[132],"8%":[133],"(using":[134,141],"wave)":[138],"13.1%":[140],"waves)":[143],"respectively.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
