{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396753519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3386641","title":"A Causation Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Crashes","display_name":"A Causation Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Crashes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396753519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3386641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2024.3386641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3386641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034592585","display_name":"Prasenjit Ghorai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-740X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasenjit Ghorai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Machines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-740X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Machines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014199018","display_name":"Azim Eskandarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4117-7692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azim Eskandarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4117-7692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074325105","display_name":"Montasir Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-0255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montasir Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-0255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086880007","display_name":"Anshul Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshul Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Machines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-1639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Machines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8968621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"33","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash","display_name":"Crash","score":0.7351105213165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-weather","display_name":"Adverse weather","score":0.6696574687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-error","display_name":"Human error","score":0.6279538869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causation","display_name":"Causation","score":0.5966107845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.5005655288696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.4571431279182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falling","display_name":"Falling (accident)","score":0.41612130403518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40897780656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39957094192504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3863046169281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.37182867527008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33278077840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.32099735736846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14286762475967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12574610114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11174413561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.0993446409702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.0831899344921112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.7351105213165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Adverse weather","level":2,"score":0.6696574687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169806903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937752","display_name":"Human error","level":2,"score":0.6279538869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.5966107845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.5005655288696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.4571431279182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.41612130403518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40897780656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39957094192504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3863046169281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.37182867527008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33278077840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32099735736846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14286762475967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12574610114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11174413561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.0993446409702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0831899344921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2024.3386641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3386641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W2231854570","https://openalex.org/W2524088233","https://openalex.org/W2563313883","https://openalex.org/W2594910663","https://openalex.org/W2755893646","https://openalex.org/W2768076358","https://openalex.org/W2899072036","https://openalex.org/W2911778303","https://openalex.org/W2996012538","https://openalex.org/W3011888019","https://openalex.org/W4226402915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372620761","https://openalex.org/W180255526","https://openalex.org/W2915678288","https://openalex.org/W133423432","https://openalex.org/W1937721613","https://openalex.org/W2614320617","https://openalex.org/W2497053598","https://openalex.org/W2476545830","https://openalex.org/W2259975108","https://openalex.org/W4399650428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"affirm":[2],"the":[3,106,132],"potential":[4,133],"of":[5,20,108,134],"autonomous":[6],"vehicles":[7,41,44],"(AVs)":[8],"in":[9,50,90,127],"reducing":[10],"traffic":[11],"accidents":[12],"and":[13,24,34,67,74,86,93,117,124],"fatalities.":[14],"This":[15],"article":[16],"presents":[17],"an":[18],"overview":[19],"on-road":[21],"AV":[22,109],"testing":[23],"analyzes":[25],"crash":[26],"data":[27],"involving":[28],"AVs.":[29],"The":[30,129],"study":[31,130],"emphasizes":[32],"fatalities":[33],"errors,":[35],"comparing":[36],"AVs":[37,82,116,135],"to":[38,136],"conventional":[39],"human-driven":[40],"or":[42],"nonautonomous":[43],"(non-AVs).":[45],"Statistical":[46],"analysis":[47],"indicates":[48],"that":[49],"most":[51,103],"cases,":[52],"human":[53,98],"errors":[54],"predominantly":[55],"cause":[56],"accidents,":[57,104],"with":[58],"responsibility":[59],"falling":[60],"on":[61,143],"non-AV":[62],"entities,":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65,69,71],"bicyclists":[66],"motorcyclists,":[68],"well":[70],"adverse":[72,91],"weather":[73,92],"lighting":[75],"conditions.":[76],"Notably,":[77],"rear-end":[78],"collisions":[79],"are":[80,100],"prevalent.":[81],"display":[83],"superior":[84],"sensing":[85],"processing":[87],"capabilities,":[88],"except":[89],"automation":[94],"failure":[95],"scenarios.":[96],"Surprisingly,":[97],"drivers":[99],"accountable":[101],"for":[102],"overshadowing":[105],"significance":[107],"error":[110],"rates.":[111],"Common":[112],"collision":[113],"causes":[114],"between":[115],"non-AVs":[118],"encompass":[119],"overspeeding,":[120],"inadequate":[121],"following":[122],"distances,":[123],"decision-making":[125],"deficiencies":[126],"non-AVs.":[128],"shows":[131],"enhance":[137],"road":[138],"safety":[139],"while":[140],"shedding":[141],"light":[142],"areas":[144],"requiring":[145],"continued":[146],"improvement.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
