{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389474314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3334769","title":"Sight Distance of Automated Vehicles Considering Highway Vertical Alignments and Its Implications for Speed Limits","display_name":"Sight Distance of Automated Vehicles Considering Highway Vertical Alignments and Its Implications for Speed Limits","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389474314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3334769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2023.3334769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3334769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734859","display_name":"Shuyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-8378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008951790","display_name":"Yang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-1438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031686159","display_name":"Said M. Easa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-138X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Said M. Easa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-138X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008084033","display_name":"Hao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-5169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016902786","display_name":"Yuanwen Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-5117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwen Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-5117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017849949","display_name":"Weijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-4758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8452364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"45","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6702711582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.6161872744560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-speed","display_name":"Design speed","score":0.5763782858848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-design","display_name":"Geometric design","score":0.5242514610290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5100146532058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-limit","display_name":"Speed limit","score":0.5066226124763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.48146381974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent","display_name":"Tangent","score":0.418578565120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3386969566345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3362972140312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2809426486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2708563804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24717947840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.23093384504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20998135209083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20463868975639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1165471076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.10560712218284607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6702711582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.6161872744560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779593531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492162","display_name":"Design speed","level":2,"score":0.5763782858848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40319758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535477","display_name":"Geometric design","level":2,"score":0.5242514610290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5100146532058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077350","display_name":"Speed limit","level":2,"score":0.5066226124763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.48146381974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.418578565120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3386969566345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3362972140312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2809426486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2708563804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24717947840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.23093384504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20998135209083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20463868975639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1165471076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.10560712218284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2023.3334769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3334769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062893848","https://openalex.org/W2154968808","https://openalex.org/W2963851406","https://openalex.org/W2088205400","https://openalex.org/W1541544663","https://openalex.org/W2065572494","https://openalex.org/W4288914023","https://openalex.org/W2045319069","https://openalex.org/W2094685175","https://openalex.org/W1980267995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1],"road":[2,221],"infrastructures":[3],"were":[4,95],"constructed":[5],"before":[6],"the":[7,56,68,82,100,110,163,191,214],"emergence":[8],"of":[9,61,179,206,211],"automated":[10],"vehicles":[11],"(AVs)":[12],"without":[13],"considering":[14,114],"their":[15],"operational":[16,216],"needs.":[17],"Whether":[18],"and":[19,34,74,92,97,118,146,219],"how":[20],"AVs":[21,62],"could":[22],"safely":[23],"adapt":[24,189],"to":[25,54,67,81,108,190,213],"as-built":[26,164],"highway":[27,70],"geometry":[28],"are":[29,128],"questions":[30],"that":[31,125],"remain":[32],"inconclusive,":[33],"a":[35,39,51,151,156,168,183],"plausible":[36],"concern":[37],"is":[38,106],"challenge":[40],"from":[41],"vertical":[42,64,89,165,192],"alignments.":[43],"To":[44],"fill":[45],"this":[46,48,207],"gap,":[47],"study":[49,208],"uses":[50],"virtual":[52],"simulation":[53],"investigate":[55],"available":[57],"sight":[58,116],"distance":[59,117],"(ASD)":[60],"on":[63],"alignments":[65],"subject":[66],"current":[69],"geometric":[71,90],"design":[72,169,217],"specification":[73],"its":[75],"implications":[76],"for":[77,103],"speed":[78,102,112,119,170],"limits.":[79],"According":[80],"scenario":[83],"generation":[84],"framework,":[85],"several":[86],"scenarios":[87],"featuring":[88],"elements":[91],"lidar":[93,145],"sensors":[94],"created":[96],"tested.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"maximum":[101],"adequate":[104],"ASD":[105,132],"calculated":[107],"determine":[109],"AV":[111,159,186,225],"limit,":[113],"safe":[115,226],"consistency":[120],"requirements.":[121],"The":[122,204],"results":[123],"indicate":[124],"crest":[126],"curves":[127,137],"not":[129],"disadvantaged":[130],"in":[131,223],"compared":[133],"with":[134,143,162,167,194],"either":[135],"sag":[136],"or":[138],"tangent":[139],"grades.":[140],"Only":[141],"equipped":[142],"multichannel":[144],"advanced":[147],"perception":[148],"algorithms":[149],"enabling":[150],"lower":[152],"detection":[153],"threshold":[154],"would":[155],"level":[157,184],"4":[158],"be":[160,210],"compatible":[161],"alignment":[166],"(":[171],"<italic":[172,195],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[173,176,196,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">V</i>":[174,197],"<sub":[175,198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">d</sub>":[177,200],")":[178],"100":[180],"km/h.":[181,203],"However,":[182],"3":[185],"can":[187],"only":[188],"profile":[193],"=":[201],"60":[202],"findings":[205],"should":[209],"interest":[212],"road-oriented":[215],"domain":[218],"support":[220],"administrators":[222],"regulating":[224],"speeds.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
