{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322730950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3244271","title":"Reliability of Self-Driving Cars: When Can We Remove the Safety Driver?","display_name":"Reliability of Self-Driving Cars: When Can We Remove the Safety Driver?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322730950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3244271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2023.3244271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3244271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063161603","display_name":"Milan Z. Bjelica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["RS","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milan Z. Bjelica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia","Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","NIT Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-0154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIT Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009998593","display_name":"Bojan Mrazovac","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojan Mrazovac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia","NTT Data, Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Data, Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91541256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"46","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7947956323623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-driving","display_name":"Self driving","score":0.7350845336914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5356547236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.49650508165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48728621006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44201263785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4206767678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.32259291410446167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7947956323623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018391801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741490","display_name":"Self driving","level":2,"score":0.7350845336914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5356547236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.49650508165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48728621006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44201263785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4206767678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.32259291410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2023.3244271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3244271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166995912","https://openalex.org/W1681183874","https://openalex.org/W1980595883","https://openalex.org/W2084899319","https://openalex.org/W2496413842","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2906262207","https://openalex.org/W2965287902","https://openalex.org/W2972708227","https://openalex.org/W2982639036","https://openalex.org/W3099881166","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3127333363","https://openalex.org/W3133971281","https://openalex.org/W3194113187","https://openalex.org/W3215723981","https://openalex.org/W4230519770","https://openalex.org/W6756753284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033512842","https://openalex.org/W4322734194","https://openalex.org/W1607054433","https://openalex.org/W3005535424","https://openalex.org/W4233600955","https://openalex.org/W2913665393","https://openalex.org/W2994319598","https://openalex.org/W2369695847","https://openalex.org/W2110842462","https://openalex.org/W4233757488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-driving":[0],"cars":[1,32],"and":[2,10,29,91,119],"other":[3],"vehicles":[4,20,53,85],"are":[5],"being":[6],"increasingly":[7],"demonstrated,":[8],"released,":[9],"deployed":[11],"on":[12,109],"roads.":[13],"Yet":[14],"only":[15],"a":[16,23,77],"handful":[17],"of":[18,66,83],"special-case":[19],"have":[21],"obtained":[22],"permit":[24],"to":[25,40,61,79,102,105,114],"go":[26,120],"fully":[27,121],"driverless,":[28],"our":[30],"passenger":[31],"still":[33],"require":[34],"drivers":[35],"at":[36],"the":[37,42,63,81,87,117],"steering":[38],"wheel":[39],"correct":[41,62],"car":[43],"if":[44],"something":[45],"goes":[46],"wrong.":[47],"Safety":[48],"drivers,":[49],"which":[50],"operate":[51],"autonomous":[52,84],"in":[54],"testing":[55],"phases,":[56],"upon":[57],"occasions":[58],"were":[59],"unable":[60],"faulty":[64],"behavior":[65],"their":[67],"vehicles,":[68],"inducing":[69],"accidents":[70],"and,":[71],"unfortunately,":[72],"casualties.":[73],"This":[74,97],"article":[75],"proposes":[76],"method":[78,98],"analyze":[80],"reliability":[82,89,93],"applying":[86],"classical":[88],"theory":[90],"software":[92],"growth":[94],"models":[95],"(SRGMs).":[96],"is":[99,111],"then":[100],"applied":[101],"real-world":[103],"data":[104],"get":[106],"some":[107],"predictions":[108],"what":[110],"really":[112],"needed":[113],"safely":[115],"remove":[116],"driver":[118],"driverless.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}