{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294310802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3198019","title":"A Dynamic Pricing System for Electric Vehicle Charging Management Using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"A Dynamic Pricing System for Electric Vehicle Charging Management Using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294310802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3198019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2022.3198019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3198019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111531579","display_name":"A. Narayan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Narayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110694111","display_name":"Aakash Krishna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aakash Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017091241","display_name":"Prasant Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasant Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-8711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103058857","display_name":"Arunchandar Vasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-3697"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunchandar Vasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-3697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research, Chennai, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040107753","display_name":"Venkatesh Sarangan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-9435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Sarangan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research, Chennai, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111531579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87332567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"122","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-pricing","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","score":0.7826541662216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7374032735824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5640703439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-elasticity-of-demand","display_name":"Price elasticity of demand","score":0.5017929077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47587648034095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-and-demand","display_name":"Supply and demand","score":0.46352678537368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.44837862253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pricing-strategies","display_name":"Pricing strategies","score":0.4301455020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3909628391265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.37805068492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3416535258293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33802253007888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26606816053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24777176976203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.20713016390800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19671887159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.1137271523475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08781152963638306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.7826541662216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7374032735824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5640703439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51355593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3194154","display_name":"Price elasticity of demand","level":2,"score":0.5017929077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47587648034095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.46352678537368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.44837862253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394670","display_name":"Pricing strategies","level":2,"score":0.4301455020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3909628391265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.37805068492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3416535258293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33802253007888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26606816053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24777176976203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20713016390800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19671887159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1137271523475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08781152963638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2022.3198019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2022.3198019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964798362","https://openalex.org/W1972927979","https://openalex.org/W2002382958","https://openalex.org/W2029174125","https://openalex.org/W2043427189","https://openalex.org/W2059953551","https://openalex.org/W2065980724","https://openalex.org/W2077440620","https://openalex.org/W2086136595","https://openalex.org/W2221980827","https://openalex.org/W2515947593","https://openalex.org/W2562924521","https://openalex.org/W2614700314","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2786349793","https://openalex.org/W2828661656","https://openalex.org/W2883477413","https://openalex.org/W2902723773","https://openalex.org/W2911116400","https://openalex.org/W2953268055","https://openalex.org/W2962789373","https://openalex.org/W2963749764","https://openalex.org/W2964113250","https://openalex.org/W2973419971","https://openalex.org/W3011674413","https://openalex.org/W3036135485","https://openalex.org/W3036138595","https://openalex.org/W3036903030","https://openalex.org/W3043022390","https://openalex.org/W3047798677","https://openalex.org/W3090667645","https://openalex.org/W3132328326","https://openalex.org/W3188161370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474391410","https://openalex.org/W2127655346","https://openalex.org/W4324280545","https://openalex.org/W2560846000","https://openalex.org/W3042875550","https://openalex.org/W2559922324","https://openalex.org/W582454239","https://openalex.org/W3204277590","https://openalex.org/W4220922486","https://openalex.org/W3184673006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiunit":[0],"residential":[1],"building":[2],"(MURB)":[3],"residents":[4,23],"are":[5,125,137],"an":[6],"upcoming":[7],"segment":[8],"of":[9,36,78,135,177,213],"electric":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(EV)":[12],"owners":[13],"and":[14,116,122,127,216],"potential":[15],"buyers":[16],"(around":[17],"42%":[18],"in":[19,69,81,114,156],"Europe).":[20],"Garage-orphaned":[21],"MURB":[22],"have":[24],"to":[25,52,65,103,152],"mostly":[26],"rely":[27],"on":[28,166],"public":[29,46],"chargers,":[30],"which":[31,147],"currently":[32],"handle":[33],"only":[34,63],"5%":[35],"the":[37,54,70,76,82,87,133,174,192],"EV":[38,79,160,184],"charging":[39,129,185],"needs.":[40],"With":[41],"EVs":[42],"becoming":[43],"more":[44],"mainstream,":[45],"chargers":[47],"will":[48,61],"not":[49,62,138],"be":[50],"able":[51],"match":[53],"operations":[55],"scale":[56],"without":[57,209],"additional":[58],"deployments.":[59],"This":[60],"lead":[64],"a":[66,93,198],"demand\u2013supply":[67,88],"mismatch":[68],"short":[71],"term":[72],"but":[73,98],"also":[74],"impact":[75],"growth":[77],"adoption":[80],"long":[83],"term.":[84],"For":[85],"managing":[86],"mismatch,":[89],"dynamic":[90,157,206],"pricing":[91,106,158,207],"is":[92,100,111,164],"widely":[94],"used":[95],"control":[96],"tool,":[97],"it":[99],"often":[101],"difficult":[102],"make":[104],"informed":[105],"decisions":[107],"when":[108],"1)":[109],"there":[110],"variability":[112],"(both)":[113],"demand":[115,186],"supply,":[117],"2)":[118],"users\u2019":[119],"spatiotemporal":[120],"behavior":[121],"price":[123],"elasticity":[124],"unknown,":[126],"3)":[128],"preconditions":[130],"(such":[131],"as":[132],"state":[134],"charge)":[136],"freely":[139],"available.":[140],"In":[141],"this":[142],"article,":[143],"we":[144],"present":[145],"SurCharge,":[146],"uses":[148],"reinforcement":[149],"learning":[150],"(RL)":[151],"overcome":[153],"these":[154],"challenges":[155],"for":[159,170],"charging.":[161],"Our":[162],"approach":[163],"evaluated":[165],"real-world":[167],"traffic":[168,180],"patterns":[169],"Luxembourg":[171,175],"by":[172],"augmenting":[173],"Simulation":[176],"Urban":[178],"Mobility":[179],"scenario":[181],"simulator":[182],"with":[183],"models.":[187],"The":[188],"results":[189],"show":[190],"that":[191],"proposed":[193],"RL-based":[194],"SurCharge":[195],"system":[196],"delivers":[197],"10%\u201324%":[199],"higher":[200],"revenue":[201],"margin":[202],"than":[203],"other":[204],"competitive":[205],"baselines,":[208],"making":[210],"unrealistic":[211],"assumptions":[212],"prior":[214],"models":[215],"data.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}